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Urinary > Na+ handling > Flashcards

Na+ handling Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the fluid compartments of the body, to include their electrolyte composition the normal composition of the major electrolytes in extracellular fluid (ECF), ICF and urine

what is the biggest effective osmole in blood plasma?

A

SODIUM

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2
Q

what is the major osmotically effective solute in the ECF?

A

Na+ ion,

therefore water in the ECF compartment DEPENDS on the Na+ ion content

If sodium in ECF changes then volume of ECF changes

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3
Q

when we’yre talking about the transport of Na+, we r talking about Cl- too, cuz they go togezer

A
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4
Q

components of sweat?

A

its hypoosmotic, but still has Na and CL

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5
Q

how is Na+ lost from the body?

A

Sweat

Faeces

Urine

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6
Q

if we wanted to change plasma volume (ECF), Why cant we just add or remove water to or from the plasma?

what do we do instead?

A

because that would change the plasma osmolarity!

add isosmotic solution (a solvent and solute) to increase volume!

Osmolarity : The concentration of a solution in terms of osmoles of solute per litre of solution

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7
Q

How do we add or remove an isosmotic solution?

A

move the osmoles actively and water will follow passively!!!

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8
Q

which 2 common places in nephron is sodium absorbed the most?

A

proximal tubule and ascending loop of henle!

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9
Q

which area in the nephron is impermeable to water

A

ascending limb!

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10
Q

how does the Descending & Ascending limb work with water?

A

Descending limb handles water

Ascending limb reabsorbs Na+

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11
Q

what Effects the change in renal Na+excretion?

A

Changes in osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure alter the proximal tubule Na+ reabsorption (and hence water).

also changes in hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries effects Na reabsorption.

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12
Q

what happens when renal artery BP INCREASES? how does this effect Na and water?

A

if pressure increases,

then the hydrostatic p. in the peritubular capillaries will also increase>

things will be harder to move into the capillaries>

we will loose more Na+ and water!

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13
Q

natriuresis ? diuresis

A

Increased Na+ excretion

Increased water excretion

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14
Q

Increase in BP. actually downregulates the expression of transporters in the proximal tubule!

A
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15
Q

where r Aquaporin channels located in the kidney ?

A

Assendinf limb is an asshole, doesnt like water!

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16
Q

Sodium reabsorption is mainly active or passive?

A

Sodium reabsorption is mainly active

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17
Q

how does Na+ travel transcellularly? paracellulary?

what about Cl-?

A

Na+ Transcellular process>> driven by 3Na-2K-ATPase pumps on basolateral membrane

Cl- reabsorption is by transcellular (active)

AND

some paracellular (passive)> via a change in the elctrochemical gradient

18
Q

describe different transporters for Na throughout the whole fucking nephron

A
19
Q

what is this?

A

PCT>> look at its brushborder! lana it reabsorbs the most shit!

20
Q

describe the different segments of the PCT & how it handles Na+

what drives reabsorption of things from PCT into the peritubular capillaries?

A

each has a different set of transporters!

the increase of oncotic p. w/in the peritubular capillaries!

  • (bc of the protein and albumin we left behind when we were filtering stuff in the glomerulus)*
  • so therefore there is an attractive draw in the PCT!*
  • the net result of what happens in the PCT is isoosmotic to plasma!*
21
Q

what does S1 of the PCT contain?

A
22
Q

what does S2-S3 of the PCT contain? (how is Na here reabsorbed diffrently)

A
23
Q

Sodium and chloride uptake (late proximal tubule)

what is the concentration of Cl- up to this point?

A
24
Q

Reabsorption is isosmotic with plasma !!!!

A

we r taking solute and solvent back into the plasma so we r adding volume straight back

25
Q

what is the driving force of moving water in the proximal tubule? (3)

A

– is osmotic gradient established by solute absorption e.g. osmolarity in

interstitial spaces ↑

– hydrostatic force in interstitium ↑

– ↑ Oncotic p. in peritubular capillary due to proteins left in blood

ASK ALAAAA

26
Q

shnu hatha?

A

loop on henle

u can see the thick and the thin ones!

27
Q

explain the distribution of reabsorption of solvent and solute in the loop of Henle

A
28
Q

what is occuring in the thin and thick descending limb

A

as we r going down the loop of henle, there is an increase in osmolality (hyper osmolar!)

this will cause water to be sucked out!

29
Q

Thin ascending limb reabsorption?

A

the thin segment of the ascending limb has a much lower reabsoptive capacity

but bc Na+ concentration r high at this point in the lumen,

Sodium ion reabsorption passive at this point

30
Q

what allows for passive Na+ ion reabsorption in thin ascending limb? (2)

A

Water reabsorption in descending limb creates a gradient for passive Na+ ion reabsorption in thin ascending limb

AND

Epithelium in thin ascending limb permits passive reabsorption by paracellular route

31
Q

Thick ascending limb reabsobrtion and importance of K+ here

A
32
Q

Role of ROMK channel in the thick ascending?

A

K+ moves from the cell into the lumen!

it has to be secreted back into the lumen to keep the NA K CL channel working!!

33
Q

which region of the nephron uses the most energy!

A

Thick ascending limb

is particularly sensitive to hypoxia !

34
Q

Tubule fluid leaving loop is ______________ compared to plasma

A

∴ hypo-osmotic ( more dilute)

35
Q

shnu hatha

A

Distal tubule

36
Q

Distal convoluted Tubule and Late distal tubule

describe the fluid that has reached this point?

A

By the time the filtrate has reached the end of ascending limb and beginning distal>> filtrate is so dilute!

37
Q

Late distal tubule & collecting duct

how does Na enter in this portion?

A

NaCl enters by Na cl cotransporter & ENaC

leaves via 3Na-2K-ATPase in basolateral membrane

38
Q

which part of the nephron is important in Ca+ reabsorption?

how is is reabsorbed (apical and basolateral side)

A
39
Q

different cells of collecting duct

A

Principle cells & intercalated cells (A & B)

40
Q

function of principle cells?

A

Reabsorption of Na+ ions via ENaC on apical membrane

3Na-2K-ATPaseinbasolateral–driving force

produces a lumen(–) charge providing a driving force for Cl- ion uptake via paracellular route

This(-charge) in the lumen has an important role in K+ secretion into the lumen

VariableH20uptakethroughAQP dependent on action of ADH

41
Q

function of Intercalated cells

A

TYPE A = Acid-secreting (express H+-ATPase and the H+/K+-ATPase at the apical/luminal membrane,)

TYPE B= Bicarbonate secreting (express the Cl−/HCO3− exchanger at their basolateral membrane)

In the cortical & outer medullary collecting duct,

42
Q
A

Urinary (11 decks)

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