Urology Pass Test

Question 1

What renal problem can occur after bacterial pharyngitis?

Answer 1

Post infectious glomerulonephritis

Question 2

How can hyperparathyroidism cause renal stones

Answer 2

Hypercalcaemia causes renal stones

Question 3

What is an isograft?

Answer 3

Transplant of an organ from two people who are genetically identical (ie identical twins)

Question 4

What is allograft?

Answer 4

Transplant of an organ from two individuals who are not genetically identical

Question 5

What is an autograft?

Answer 5

Transplanted tissue from the same individual

Question 6

What is an orthotopic graft?

Answer 6

Transplanted in its normal anatomical position (skin to skin)

Question 7

What is a xenografts?

Answer 7

Transplanted from a recipient of a different species (ie porcine heart valves)

Question 8

What is paraphimosis?

Answer 8

Retraction of the prepuce becoming tight leading to swelling of the glans (emergency - can be caused by not replacing the foreskin after cathetarisation)

Question 9

What is phimosis

Answer 9

Tight foreskin which will not retract over the glans

Question 10

The majority of penile cancers are what type

Answer 10

SCC

Question 11

What is balanitis xerotica obliterated s

Answer 11

Male genital lichen sclerosis

Question 12

What causes painful intercourse due to penile angulation

Answer 12

Peyronie’s disease (fibrous tissue)

Question 13

What is the main immunotherapy used in bladder cancer

Answer 13

BCG

Question 14

How do you treat paraphimosis

Answer 14

Try and gently reduce the foreskin with saline

If not working urgent referral to urology

Question 15

Abdo pain and pancreatitis leading to diabetes in a young man suggests

Answer 15

CF

Question 16

The left renal vein receives blood from the

Answer 16

Left adrenal vein and the left gonadal vein

Question 17

How does graft rejection usually present

Answer 17

Fever and tachycardia indicate inflammatory process

Graft tenderness and enlargement of the graft

Question 18

What is graft versus host disease?

Answer 18

Engraftment of donor lymphocytes in immunocompromised recipients (transplanted haematological stem cells start to produce new blood cells)

Question 19

How does graft versus host disease present?

Answer 19

Fever diarrhoea na ddereanged LfTs

Question 20

What does a 24FR catheter mean

Answer 20

The external circumference of the catheter is approx 24 mm

Question 21

What is a varicocele

Answer 21

Varices it’s of the pampiniform plexus which can warrant investigation for a renal cell carcinoma

Question 22

What is a hydrocele

Answer 22

Cyst arising from the testis

Question 23

Failure to respond to abx in pyelonephritis could indicate what and how would you show this on investigation

Answer 23

Obstruction with super added infection

Show on renal tract US

Question 24

What is pneumaturia

Answer 24

Passing bubbles in urine

Question 25

How can you show a fistula between bladder and bowel on scan

Answer 25

Barium enema

Question 26

Oliguric immediately post transplant could indicate

Answer 26

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 27

Bag of worms in testes on exam

Answer 27

Varicocele

Question 28

What chronic infection is known to cause sterility

Answer 28

TB

Question 29

Treat infected obstructed system

Answer 29

Percutaneous nephrostomy

Question 30

The testes drain to what nodes

Answer 30

The lateral aortic modes

Question 31

Give 4 causes of a fistula between rectum and bladder

Answer 31

Diverticula disease Crohn’s disease Bladder ca Diabetes

Question 32

How can dilation of the SMA lead to a varicocele

Answer 32

Left renal vein compressed by SMA at nutcracker angle leading to varicocele

Question 33

What are the three main causes of haematospermia

Answer 33

Trauma UTI | STI

Question 34

What are the two main antigypertensives well known for causing impotence

Answer 34

Beta blockers and thiazides

Question 35

Hyper acute rejection of transplants occurs when

Answer 35

Within minutes of transplant

Question 36

Complications of prostatism if left untreated

Answer 36

Bladder outflow obstruction leading to chronic detention of urine Prostate cancer

Question 37

How does torsion typically present

Answer 37

Pyrex is Horizontal lie of testes Absent discharge Clear urine

Question 38

Patients with advanced prostate cancer are treated with

Answer 38

Hormone therapy

Question 39

BPH with short term catheter and alpha blocker not working do

Answer 39

TURP

Question 40

When is percutaneous ureterolithotkmy indicated

Answer 40

If stone greater than 2cm; in staghorm calculus; cystine stones or when ESwL not indicated such as in obesity

Question 41

Rumour which resembles glomeruli

Answer 41

Yolk cell tumour