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Year 4 Surgical Specialties > Urology Pass Test > Flashcards

Urology Pass Test Flashcards

1
Q

What renal problem can occur after bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Post infectious glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

How can hyperparathyroidism cause renal stones

A

Hypercalcaemia causes renal stones

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3
Q

What is an isograft?

A

Transplant of an organ from two people who are genetically identical (ie identical twins)

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4
Q

What is allograft?

A

Transplant of an organ from two individuals who are not genetically identical

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5
Q

What is an autograft?

A

Transplanted tissue from the same individual

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6
Q

What is an orthotopic graft?

A

Transplanted in its normal anatomical position (skin to skin)

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7
Q

What is a xenografts?

A

Transplanted from a recipient of a different species (ie porcine heart valves)

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8
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Retraction of the prepuce becoming tight leading to swelling of the glans (emergency - can be caused by not replacing the foreskin after cathetarisation)

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9
Q

What is phimosis

A

Tight foreskin which will not retract over the glans

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10
Q

The majority of penile cancers are what type

A

SCC

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11
Q

What is balanitis xerotica obliterated s

A

Male genital lichen sclerosis

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12
Q

What causes painful intercourse due to penile angulation

A

Peyronie’s disease (fibrous tissue)

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13
Q

What is the main immunotherapy used in bladder cancer

A

BCG

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14
Q

How do you treat paraphimosis

A

Try and gently reduce the foreskin with saline

If not working urgent referral to urology

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15
Q

Abdo pain and pancreatitis leading to diabetes in a young man suggests

A

CF

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16
Q

The left renal vein receives blood from the

A

Left adrenal vein and the left gonadal vein

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17
Q

How does graft rejection usually present

A

Fever and tachycardia indicate inflammatory process

Graft tenderness and enlargement of the graft

18
Q

What is graft versus host disease?

A

Engraftment of donor lymphocytes in immunocompromised recipients (transplanted haematological stem cells start to produce new blood cells)

19
Q

How does graft versus host disease present?

A

Fever diarrhoea na ddereanged LfTs

20
Q

What does a 24FR catheter mean

A

The external circumference of the catheter is approx 24 mm

21
Q

What is a varicocele

A

Varices it’s of the pampiniform plexus which can warrant investigation for a renal cell carcinoma

22
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

Cyst arising from the testis

23
Q

Failure to respond to abx in pyelonephritis could indicate what and how would you show this on investigation

A

Obstruction with super added infection

Show on renal tract US

24
Q

What is pneumaturia

A

Passing bubbles in urine

25
Q

How can you show a fistula between bladder and bowel on scan

A

Barium enema

26
Q

Oliguric immediately post transplant could indicate

A

Acute tubular necrosis

27
Q

Bag of worms in testes on exam

A

Varicocele

28
Q

What chronic infection is known to cause sterility

A

TB

29
Q

Treat infected obstructed system

A

Percutaneous nephrostomy

30
Q

The testes drain to what nodes

A

The lateral aortic modes

31
Q

Give 4 causes of a fistula between rectum and bladder

A

Diverticula disease
Crohn’s disease
Bladder ca
Diabetes

32
Q

How can dilation of the SMA lead to a varicocele

A

Left renal vein compressed by SMA at nutcracker angle leading to varicocele

33
Q

What are the three main causes of haematospermia

A

Trauma UTI

STI

34
Q

What are the two main antigypertensives well known for causing impotence

A

Beta blockers and thiazides

35
Q

Hyper acute rejection of transplants occurs when

A

Within minutes of transplant

36
Q

Complications of prostatism if left untreated

A

Bladder outflow obstruction leading to chronic detention of urine
Prostate cancer

37
Q

How does torsion typically present

A

Pyrex is
Horizontal lie of testes
Absent discharge
Clear urine

38
Q

Patients with advanced prostate cancer are treated with

A

Hormone therapy

39
Q

BPH with short term catheter and alpha blocker not working do

A

TURP

40
Q

When is percutaneous ureterolithotkmy indicated

A

If stone greater than 2cm; in staghorm calculus; cystine stones or when ESwL not indicated such as in obesity

41
Q

Rumour which resembles glomeruli

A

Yolk cell tumour

Year 4 Surgical Specialties (14 decks)

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