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Year 4 Surgical Specialties > Urology Pass Med > Flashcards

Urology Pass Med Flashcards

1
Q

What post voidal volume is normal for a patient <65yo?

A

<50mls

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2
Q

What post voidal volume is normal for a patient >65yo?

A

<100mls

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3
Q

Chronic urinary retention is defined as

A

> 500mls within bladder after voiding

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4
Q

Post catheterisation urine volume of …. suggests acute on chronic urinary retention

A

> 800mls

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5
Q

Treat an infected obstructed system with what surgical procedure

A

Percutaneous nephrostomy

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6
Q

Stones <2cm can be treated with what

A

Lithotripsy (extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy)

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7
Q

Large proximal stones are best managed with a

A

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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8
Q

Analgesia of choice for renal colic

A

NSAID

If severe IM

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9
Q

First line diagnostic investigation of stones

A

CT KUB

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10
Q

Stones

A

<5mm

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11
Q

What would indicate treatment of a stone <5mm?

A

Lithotripsy and nephrolithotomy used in ureteric obstruction, renal development abn such as horseshoe kidney and previous renal transplant

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12
Q

What is the main group fo patients which lithotripsy is contraindicated

A

Pregnant

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13
Q

Stone burden less than 2cm in aggregate

A

Lithotripsy

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14
Q

Stone burden less than 2cm in pregnant females

A

Ureteroscopy

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15
Q

Complex renal calculus and stag horn treat

A

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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16
Q

What bacteria causes staghorn calculus

A

Proteus mirabilis

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17
Q

Treat renal cell carcinoma

A

Radical nephrectomy

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18
Q

Mass that transluminates in scrotum

A

Hydrocele

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19
Q

Why is the urinary catheterisation contraindicated in pelvic injury

A

As likely urethral injury

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20
Q

Acute scrotal pain and swelling after urological intervention

A

Epidiimorchitis

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21
Q

Painful teste drawn up into the groin

A

Testicular torsion

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22
Q

What is a varicocele associated with?

A

Infertility

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23
Q

When is urinary retention classes as high pressure

A

If renal function is impaired or if there is hydronephrosis

24
Q

Occupational exposure to what is a recognised risk factor for TCC?

A

Aniline dye

25
Q

What has replaced TRUS biopsy as the first line for prostate cancer

A

Multiparametric MRI

26
Q

Manage hydrocele in adults

A

Refer urgently for testicular US

27
Q

In torsion, when is the cremasteric reflex partially observed?

A

If affects the appendage only

28
Q

How is sterilisation confirmed after vasectomy

A

Semen analysis to assess azoospermia

29
Q

What normal activities can increase PSA levels

A 
Prostate biopsy (do after 6 weeks) 
UTI (do after 4 weeks if proven)
DRE (do after 1 week) 
Vigorous exercise (do after 48 hours) 
Ejaculation (do after 48 hours)
30
Q

What is the nutcracker angle?

A

The abdo aorta and the SMV has the renal vein in between it

31
Q

How can varicocele be a sign of malignancy?

A

Compression of renal vein at the nutcracker angle

32
Q

What is TURP syndrome

A

During the procedure large volumes of irrigation of glycine is used which can lead to severe hyponatraemia

33
Q

Following neon ladder reconstruction the patient is at increased risk of which cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

34
Q

What do you coprescribe with gosrelin and why

A

Anti androgen such as cyproterone acetate due to risk of rumour flare, this is due to initial stimulation of LH leading to increased testosterone

35
Q

Why does rhadbo lead to AKI

A

As it causes acute tubular necrosis

36
Q

Recurrent balanitis is an indication for

A

Circumscision

37
Q

A pelvic fracture and highly displaced prostate should indicate a diagnosis of

A

Membranous urethral rupture

38
Q

Which stones are radio lucent on X-ray

A

Urate and xanthine stones

39
Q

Which stones are semi opaque on X-ray

A

Cystine stones

40
Q

What is the most common stone

A

Calcium oxalate

41
Q

Granular muddy brown casts

A

Acute tubular necrosis

42
Q

What is a useful investigation for priapism? Arterial or cavernosal blood gas?

A

Cavernosal blood gas

43
Q

What are the common complications of a TuRPs procedure

A

Turps syndrome
Urethral stricture/ UTI
Retrograde ejaculation
Perforation of the prostate

44
Q

What is the triad of turps syndrome

A

Hyponatraemia
Fluid overload
Glycine toxicity

45
Q

How do you manage turps syndrome

A

Fluid restrict and treat complications of hyponatraemia

46
Q

First line treatment of BPH

A

Alpha 1 antagonist

47
Q

Schistosomiasis is a risk factor for which type of bladder cancer?

A

SCC

48
Q

Epididimorchitis with low STI risk is most likely to be caused by

A

E. coli

49
Q

Why does chemo cause renal stones?

A

Increases Uris acid levels

50
Q

What is struvite

A

Ammonium magnesium phosphate triple phosphate

51
Q

4yo with right loin pain lethargy and haematuria could be a

A

Nephroblastoma

52
Q

Most common cancer in 20-30yo males

A

Testicular cancer

53
Q

What are the medical benefits of a circumscision

A

Reduces risk of STIs, penile cancer and UTI

54
Q

What are the medical indications for circumscision

A

Phimosis
Recurrent balanitis
Balanitis xerotica obliterans
Paraphimosis

55
Q

What is the main contraindication to circumscision?

A

Hypospadius

Year 4 Surgical Specialties (14 decks)

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