Urology Pass Med

Question 1

What post voidal volume is normal for a patient <65yo?

Answer 1

<50mls

Question 2

What post voidal volume is normal for a patient >65yo?

Answer 2

<100mls

Question 3

Chronic urinary retention is defined as

Answer 3

> 500mls within bladder after voiding

Question 4

Post catheterisation urine volume of …. suggests acute on chronic urinary retention

Answer 4

> 800mls

Question 5

Treat an infected obstructed system with what surgical procedure

Answer 5

Percutaneous nephrostomy

Question 6

Stones <2cm can be treated with what

Answer 6

Lithotripsy (extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy)

Question 7

Large proximal stones are best managed with a

Answer 7

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Question 8

Analgesia of choice for renal colic

Answer 8

NSAID

If severe IM

Question 9

First line diagnostic investigation of stones

Answer 9

CT KUB

Question 10

Stones

Answer 10

<5mm

Question 11

What would indicate treatment of a stone <5mm?

Answer 11

Lithotripsy and nephrolithotomy used in ureteric obstruction, renal development abn such as horseshoe kidney and previous renal transplant

Question 12

What is the main group fo patients which lithotripsy is contraindicated

Answer 12

Pregnant

Question 13

Stone burden less than 2cm in aggregate

Answer 13

Lithotripsy

Question 14

Stone burden less than 2cm in pregnant females

Answer 14

Ureteroscopy

Question 15

Complex renal calculus and stag horn treat

Answer 15

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Question 16

What bacteria causes staghorn calculus

Answer 16

Proteus mirabilis

Question 17

Treat renal cell carcinoma

Answer 17

Radical nephrectomy

Question 18

Mass that transluminates in scrotum

Answer 18

Hydrocele

Question 19

Why is the urinary catheterisation contraindicated in pelvic injury

Answer 19

As likely urethral injury

Question 20

Acute scrotal pain and swelling after urological intervention

Answer 20

Epidiimorchitis

Question 21

Painful teste drawn up into the groin

Answer 21

Testicular torsion

Question 22

What is a varicocele associated with?

Answer 22

Infertility

Question 23

When is urinary retention classes as high pressure

Answer 23

If renal function is impaired or if there is hydronephrosis

Question 24

Occupational exposure to what is a recognised risk factor for TCC?

Answer 24

Aniline dye

Question 25

What has replaced TRUS biopsy as the first line for prostate cancer

Answer 25

Multiparametric MRI

Question 26

Manage hydrocele in adults

Answer 26

Refer urgently for testicular US

Question 27

In torsion, when is the cremasteric reflex partially observed?

Answer 27

If affects the appendage only

Question 28

How is sterilisation confirmed after vasectomy

Answer 28

Semen analysis to assess azoospermia

Question 29

What normal activities can increase PSA levels

Answer 29

``` Prostate biopsy (do after 6 weeks) UTI (do after 4 weeks if proven) DRE (do after 1 week) Vigorous exercise (do after 48 hours) Ejaculation (do after 48 hours) ```

Question 30

What is the nutcracker angle?

Answer 30

The abdo aorta and the SMV has the renal vein in between it

Question 31

How can varicocele be a sign of malignancy?

Answer 31

Compression of renal vein at the nutcracker angle

Question 32

What is TURP syndrome

Answer 32

During the procedure large volumes of irrigation of glycine is used which can lead to severe hyponatraemia

Question 33

Following neon ladder reconstruction the patient is at increased risk of which cancer

Answer 33

Adenocarcinoma

Question 34

What do you coprescribe with gosrelin and why

Answer 34

Anti androgen such as cyproterone acetate due to risk of rumour flare, this is due to initial stimulation of LH leading to increased testosterone

Question 35

Why does rhadbo lead to AKI

Answer 35

As it causes acute tubular necrosis

Question 36

Recurrent balanitis is an indication for

Answer 36

Circumscision

Question 37

A pelvic fracture and highly displaced prostate should indicate a diagnosis of

Answer 37

Membranous urethral rupture

Question 38

Which stones are radio lucent on X-ray

Answer 38

Urate and xanthine stones

Question 39

Which stones are semi opaque on X-ray

Answer 39

Cystine stones

Question 40

What is the most common stone

Answer 40

Calcium oxalate

Question 41

Granular muddy brown casts

Answer 41

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 42

What is a useful investigation for priapism? Arterial or cavernosal blood gas?

Answer 42

Cavernosal blood gas

Question 43

What are the common complications of a TuRPs procedure

Answer 43

Turps syndrome Urethral stricture/ UTI Retrograde ejaculation Perforation of the prostate

Question 44

What is the triad of turps syndrome

Answer 44

Hyponatraemia Fluid overload Glycine toxicity

Question 45

How do you manage turps syndrome

Answer 45

Fluid restrict and treat complications of hyponatraemia

Question 46

First line treatment of BPH

Answer 46

Alpha 1 antagonist

Question 47

Schistosomiasis is a risk factor for which type of bladder cancer?

Answer 47

SCC

Question 48

Epididimorchitis with low STI risk is most likely to be caused by

Answer 48

E. coli

Question 49

Why does chemo cause renal stones?

Answer 49

Increases Uris acid levels

Question 50

What is struvite

Answer 50

Ammonium magnesium phosphate triple phosphate

Question 51

4yo with right loin pain lethargy and haematuria could be a

Answer 51

Nephroblastoma

Question 52

Most common cancer in 20-30yo males

Answer 52

Testicular cancer

Question 53

What are the medical benefits of a circumscision

Answer 53

Reduces risk of STIs, penile cancer and UTI

Question 54

What are the medical indications for circumscision

Answer 54

Phimosis Recurrent balanitis Balanitis xerotica obliterans Paraphimosis

Question 55

What is the main contraindication to circumscision?

Answer 55

Hypospadius