Urology/Nephro

Question 1

hyponatremia

Answer 1

Na <135
tx w/hypertonic saline for symptomatic or <120
central pontine myelinosis if corrected too quickly

Question 2

goodpasture syndrome

Answer 2

rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis with pulmonary involvement

Question 3

nephritic syndrome triad

Answer 3

HTN, hematuria, dependent edema

Question 4

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 4

PE shows pitting edema
proteinuria >3.5 G/24 hrs
Fatty casts

Question 5

overflow incontinence

Answer 5

weak dribbling of urine due to detrusor hyporeflexia

Question 6

urge incontinence

Answer 6

detrusor overactivity, sudden urge to urinate
give anticholinergic (oxybutynyn)

Question 7

hypoparathyroid

Answer 7

chvostek and trousseau signs

low PTH/CA, high phosphorus

Question 8

GFR classifications

Answer 8

1->90
2=60-89
3=30-59
4=15-29
5<15

Question 9

epididymitis tx

Answer 9

<35 CT/GC, doxy/ceftriaxone

>35 E. Coli, cipro

Question 10

kidney stones

Answer 10

MC is calcium oxalate
struvite is urease producing
uric acid is radiolucent
<5 will pass
> 8 lithotripsy

Question 11

membranous nephropathy

Answer 11

MCC nephrotic syndrome

Question 12

MCC glomerulonephritis worldwide

Answer 12

IgA nephropathy

Question 13

what stones are not visible on xray

Answer 13

cysteine, uric acid

Question 14

which is worse, epi or hypospadias

Answer 14

epispadias related to congenital defects

Question 15

how long ot tx chronic prostatitis

Answer 15

6-12 weeks

Question 16

white cell cast

Answer 16

pyelo

Question 17

red cell cast

Answer 17

glomerulonephritis

Question 18

does BPH increase risk of cancer

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

acute renal injury

Answer 19

increase creatinine of 0.3 or >50%

Question 20

pre-renal azotemia is MCC by

Answer 20

decreased perfusion

Question 21

FENA

Answer 21

prerenal is <1%, scant urine sed

renal is >2%, full urine sed

Question 22

fatty cast

Answer 22

nephrotic syndrome

Question 23

waxy cast

Answer 23

ESRD

Question 24

what will hypercalcemia show on EKG

Answer 24

shortened QT

Question 25

lymphogranuloma venereum

Answer 25

Characteristically, lymphogranuloma venereum has three stages of infection:

Primary stage characterized by the development of painless genital ulcer or papules
Secondary stage with the development of unilateral or bilateral tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy (also called buboes)
Late-stage with strictures, fibrosis, and fistulae of the anogenital area

Question 26

collecting tubule

Answer 26

aldosterone

Question 27

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 27

thiazides

Question 28

loop of henle

Answer 28

loop diuretic

Question 29

muddy brown casts

Answer 29

acute tubular necrosis

Question 30

chancroid

Answer 30

painful genital ulcers with inguinal lymphadenopathy

Question 31

lymphogranuloma verenuem

Answer 31

painless genital ulcer w/unilateral tender lymphadenopathy caused by chlamydia

Question 32

hematuria, hemoptysis, anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Answer 32

goodpasture syndrome

Question 33

normla urine output

Answer 33

adult-0.5 ml/kg/hr
child-1.0
neonate-2.0

Question 34

which type of testicular cancer has elevated AFP

Answer 34

nonseminomatous

Question 35

when to correct hypospadias

Answer 35

6 months

Question 36

PSGN

Answer 36

10-20 days after strep
generalized/periorbital edema, hematuria, HTN, RBC casts
IGA nephropathy more rapid onset

Question 37

cryptorchidism tx

Answer 37

by 1 year

still increased risk of germ cell tumor