Urology/Nephro Flashcards
hyponatremia
Na <135
tx w/hypertonic saline for symptomatic or <120
central pontine myelinosis if corrected too quickly
goodpasture syndrome
rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis with pulmonary involvement
nephritic syndrome triad
HTN, hematuria, dependent edema
nephrotic syndrome
PE shows pitting edema
proteinuria >3.5 G/24 hrs
Fatty casts
overflow incontinence
weak dribbling of urine due to detrusor hyporeflexia
urge incontinence
detrusor overactivity, sudden urge to urinate give anticholinergic (oxybutynyn)
hypoparathyroid
chvostek and trousseau signs
low PTH/CA, high phosphorus
GFR classifications
1->90 2=60-89 3=30-59 4=15-29 5<15
epididymitis tx
<35 CT/GC, doxy/ceftriaxone
>35 E. Coli, cipro
kidney stones
MC is calcium oxalate struvite is urease producing uric acid is radiolucent <5 will pass > 8 lithotripsy
membranous nephropathy
MCC nephrotic syndrome
MCC glomerulonephritis worldwide
IgA nephropathy
what stones are not visible on xray
cysteine, uric acid
which is worse, epi or hypospadias
epispadias related to congenital defects
how long ot tx chronic prostatitis
6-12 weeks
white cell cast
pyelo
red cell cast
glomerulonephritis
does BPH increase risk of cancer
NO
acute renal injury
increase creatinine of 0.3 or >50%
pre-renal azotemia is MCC by
decreased perfusion
FENA
prerenal is <1%, scant urine sed
renal is >2%, full urine sed
fatty cast
nephrotic syndrome
waxy cast
ESRD
what will hypercalcemia show on EKG
shortened QT
lymphogranuloma venereum
Characteristically, lymphogranuloma venereum has three stages of infection:
Primary stage characterized by the development of painless genital ulcer or papules
Secondary stage with the development of unilateral or bilateral tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy (also called buboes)
Late-stage with strictures, fibrosis, and fistulae of the anogenital area
collecting tubule
aldosterone
distal convoluted tubule
thiazides
loop of henle
loop diuretic
muddy brown casts
acute tubular necrosis
chancroid
painful genital ulcers with inguinal lymphadenopathy
lymphogranuloma verenuem
painless genital ulcer w/unilateral tender lymphadenopathy caused by chlamydia
hematuria, hemoptysis, anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
goodpasture syndrome
normla urine output
adult-0.5 ml/kg/hr
child-1.0
neonate-2.0
which type of testicular cancer has elevated AFP
nonseminomatous
when to correct hypospadias
6 months
PSGN
10-20 days after strep
generalized/periorbital edema, hematuria, HTN, RBC casts
IGA nephropathy more rapid onset
cryptorchidism tx
by 1 year
still increased risk of germ cell tumor
