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PANCE > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

first ekg change seen with MI

A

hyperacute T waves

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2
Q

what EKG change will be seen with hypokalemia

A

U waves, T wave flattening,

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3
Q

HOCM

A
  • DOE is MC presenting symptom
  • crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur that increases with valsalva, decreases with squatting
  • tx with BB or CCB
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4
Q

which medication is best at lowering tryglycerides?

A

fibrates (gemfibrozil)

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5
Q

AAA

A
  • mc presenting sign on PE is pulsatile abdominal mass
  • <5.5 cm annual check
  • > 5.5 surgery
  • one time screening for men aged 65-75 who have ever smoked
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6
Q

cor pulmonale

A
  • will show signs of right sided HF
  • HTN + RVH
  • MCC is chronic bronchitis
  • can cause PE
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7
Q

how long is a prolonged QT?

A

men->440 msec

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8
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A
  • pericardial knock
  • kussmaul sign
  • pulsus paradoxus
  • treat with percardectomy
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9
Q

what medication class can worsen symptoms of HF?

A

NSAIDs

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10
Q

PE for pleural effusion

A

decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, decreased tactile fremitus

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11
Q

transudate vs exudate

A

transudate-heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis

exudate-infection, malignancy, CT disease

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12
Q

what is characteristic of prinzmetal angina

A

morning chest pain

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13
Q

MCC tricuspid stenosis/mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

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14
Q

what causes MR?

A
  • ischemic heart disease, endocarditis,

- blowing holosystolic murmur heard at apex radiating to axilla

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15
Q

brugada syndrome

A
  • ST elevation in V1/V2

- treat with ICD

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16
Q

rheumatic fever

A

-recent GAS infection
-JONES criteria
joints, Oh no carditis, nodules, erythema marginatum, syndeham chorea
-need 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor

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17
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

beck’s triad (hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds)

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18
Q

metabolic syndrome

A 
ad obesity
trigylcerides >150
HDL <40
BP >135/90
fasting gllucose >100
any of above 3
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19
Q

Multifocal artial tachy is associated with

A

COPD

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20
Q

2 biggest risk factors for chadsvasc stroke

A

age>75, prior stroke

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21
Q

MC organism of native valve endocarditis

A

strep viridans

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22
Q

Mitral stenosis

A

opening snap
A/w rheumatic HD and endocarditis, afib
Best heard with bell in lld
increased with handgrip

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23
Q

Pulsus alternans is seen in

A

lv systolic HF

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24
Q

Best way to detect RAS

A

MRA

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25
Q

Add blood flow

A

Oxygenated blood from left to right

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26
Q

How to TX WPW

A

vagal first then adenosine

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27
Q

AS and valsalava

A

decreases murmur

28
Q

BB toxicity

A

Hypoglycemia, TX with glucagon

29
Q

VSD

A

harsh holosystolic murmur LSB

systolic thrill

30
Q

Dilated CM

A

Etoh, idiopathic, EF < 30, decreased LV

31
Q

S3 think

S4 think

A

HF

MI

32
Q

HOCM

A

diastolic, exertional syncope, S4, EF>60

murmur increased with valsalva, decreased with handgrip and leg elevation

33
Q

Restrictive CM

A

EF 25-50, nrl LV or increased

34
Q

Dopamine

A

Increase CO and BP

35
Q

Dobutamine

A

Increased CO, nothing for BP

36
Q

Myoglobin
Troponin
CK

A

begins 1-2 hours, lasts 2-4 days
begins 2-4 hours, lasts 5-10 days
@24 hours, lasts < 1 day

37
Q

within how many hours should you treat MI with fibrinolytics

A

12

38
Q

what is a + exercise stress test

A

?2 mm ST dep and/or hypotension

39
Q

Aortic dissection

A

widened pulse pressure

40
Q

thromboangitis obliterans

A

foot claudication and smoking, arterial blockage

41
Q

Churg Strauss

A

30-40 YO new onset vasculitis with lung involvement

42
Q

artificial valve infection acute

chronic

A

staph

strep

43
Q

what procedures require prophylaxis

A

prosthetic valve, cardiac transplant, post endocarditis, CHD

44
Q

AS

A

angina, syncope

systolic murmur radiates to neck, decreases with valsalva, heard best leaning forward, avoid nitrates/diuretics

45
Q

AI

A

bounding “water hammer” peripheral pulses

46
Q

MR acute vs chronic

A

acute-ruptured chordae

chronic-MVP

47
Q

PDA tx

A

give indomethacin (decreased prostaglandins)

48
Q

when to tx tet

A

3-12 months

give prostaglandings

49
Q

endocarditis for IVDA

A

S. Aureus

Tricuspid valve

50
Q

pulsus tardus and parvus

A

a/w aortic stenosis

51
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

a/w asthma or constrictive pericardidits

52
Q

MCC death in diabetics

A

CAD

53
Q

what can be heard in pts with long standing HTN

A

S4

54
Q

how to tx diastolic HF

A

BB, diuretic

55
Q

drug to avoid in pts with PVD

A

beta blocker

56
Q

early onset acute endocarditis in prosthetic valve

A

S epidermidis

57
Q

MVP mumur is increasedvia

A

valsalva

58
Q

WPW

A

shortened PR interval with wide QRS w/slurred upstroke known as delta wave

59
Q

MC site for arterial occlusion

A

common femoral artery

60
Q

2 MCC AS

A

senile calcifications

bicuspid aortic valve (suspect in pts <70)

61
Q

MI hemodynamic changes

A

low CO,

increased preload and SVR

62
Q

prior MI on ekg

A

Q wave and T wave inversions

63
Q

pericarditis tx

A

NSAID and colchicine

64
Q

MCC aortic dissection

A

HTN

65
Q

heart disease and DM tx

A

metformin
GLP-1 agonist (glutide)
SGLT2 inh-glifozin

PANCE (15 decks)

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