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YEAR 3 CORRECTIONS > Urology and Renal > Flashcards

Urology and Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What could chronic haematuria with intermittent loin pain suggest?

A

APKD

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2
Q

A patient has a fever, renal and pulmonary disease with a CXR showing bilateral pulmonary infiltrates from pulmonary haemorrhages. What condition does this patient have?

A

Goodpastures syndrome

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3
Q

A patient has a blocked suprapubic catheter which required multiple flushes. What is the most appropriate investigation and why?

A

Arrange a cystoscopy as clots/ stones can increase the risk of bladder cancer

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4
Q

What is the first line treatment for a staghorn calculus?

A

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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5
Q

What is a cause of renal artery stenosis in young women?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

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6
Q

Describe urine output in stage 1 AKI.

A

<0.5ml/kg/hr in the last 6 hours

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7
Q

Describe urine output in stage 2 AKI.

A

<0.5ml/kg/hr in the last 12 hours

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8
Q

Describe urine output in stage 3 AKI.

A

<0.3 ml/kg/hr in the last 12 hours

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9
Q

A patient has a palpable bladder and is in pain. What is the first management?

A

Insert a catheter

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10
Q

Which one causes haematuria between membranous glomerulonephritis vs membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulopnerphritis
(membranous glomerulonephritis = membranous nephropathy)

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11
Q

What is the criteria to diagnose CKD?

A

eGFR <60 for more than 3 months

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12
Q

What pathogen causes sore throat and glomerulonephritis?

A

group A strep (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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13
Q

How is nephrotic syndrome a risk factor for DVT?

A

Leads to loss of antithrombin III and plasminogen

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14
Q

In pregnancy, which antibiotics are safe to treat UTIs?

A

Cephalexin
Penicillins

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15
Q

What is the first line treatment for T2DM with proteinuria?

A

ACEi

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16
Q

What disease causes calculi in the papilla of kidneys in a patient with a history of UTIs and kidney stones?

A

Medullary sponge kidney

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17
Q

How can an aortic aneurysm lead to oliguria?

A

Acute tubular necrosis due to ischaemia

18
Q

How can bladder cancer affect the ureters and kidneys as a complication?

A

Bilateral hydronephrosis

19
Q

What medication can be given in secondary hyperparathyroidsm to treat high phosphate levels?

A

Sevelamer (phosphate binder)

20
Q

An asian patient has protein and blood in their urine after exercise, what do they have?

A

IgA nephropathy

21
Q

What is the first investigation before imaging in a <45 year old with visible haematuria?

A

Urine MCS

22
Q

What imaging is indicated in children with UTI?

A

USS

23
Q

What treatment is given to normocytic anaemia secondary to CKD?

A

IV or subcutaneous EPO

24
Q

What treatment is given to treat hypocalcaemia secondary to CKD?

A

Alfacalcidiol

25
Q

What treatment is given to treat hypertension in chronic end failure kidney disease?

A

CCB/ B blocker
ACEi can worsen renal failure

26
Q

In which 3 renal conditions is ACEi protective in?

A

Glomerulonephritis
Lupus nephritis
Systemic sclerosis

27
Q

What can help clear calcium in hypercalcaemia?

A

Loop diuretics

28
Q

What dose of bumetanide is equivalent to 40mg of furosemide?

A

1mg of bumetanide

29
Q

What imaging is indicated within 6 hours of pyelonephritis?

A

US KUB

30
Q

Which lymph nodes will transitional cell carcinoma metastasise to ?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

31
Q

Why does pruritis indicate haemodialysis?

A

Ureamic symptom

32
Q

What is a common short term complication of dialysis?

A

Hypoglycaemia

33
Q

What medication is given to treat UTI in CKD?

A

Trimethoprim

34
Q

What causes type 1 renal acidosis?

A

Amyloidosis
Increased H+ retention and decreased Potassium

35
Q

What causes type 2 renal acidosos?

A

Fanconi
Increased bicarbonate excretion

36
Q

What causes type 3 renal acidosis?

A

Lack of aldosterone
Increased serum potassium

37
Q

When is haemofiltration preferred over haemodialysis?

A

Critically ill CKD patients as there is a lower risk of haemodynamic instability

38
Q

How are ureteric stones <10mm treated?

A

Shockwave lithotripsy

39
Q

How are ureteric stones 10-20mm treated?

A

Urteroscopy

40
Q
A

YEAR 3 CORRECTIONS (16 decks)

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