Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YEAR 3 CORRECTIONS > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome and what does it show?

A

Nerve conduction studies show prolonged action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you manage mild to moderate cases of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Wrist splints at night
Corticosteroid injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do you do at the bedside before sending a patient with signs suggestive of cauda equina to have a whole spine MRI?

A

Full neurological examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you manage severe or refractory cases of carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Surgical decompression- flexor retinaculum division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What gene is mutated in Huntington’s disease?

A

IT15 (HTT gene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A patient with a history of diabetes and hypertension is more likely to get which type of stroke?

A

Ischaemic stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A patient has a headache that feels like they were hit on the back of their head, signs of meningism and no fever. What do they have?

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mode of inheritance for neurofibromas?

A

autosomal dominant inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If one dose of rectal diazepam has been given in status ellipitucs and they are still seizing with IV access, what do you administer next?

A

IV lorazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does facial weakness with hyperacusis and absent vesicles around ear suggest?

A

Bell’s palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the precursor proteins found in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Beta and gamma secretase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which foramen does the middle meningeal artery run through?

A

Foramen spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List three conditions where a CT Head is needed within 8 hours

A
  1. some loss of consciousness since injury
    2 >65 years old
  2. bleeding disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is a CT head indicated within 1 hour?

A

If there is both a loss of consciousness at any point AND:
2 >65 years old
3. bleeding disorders
4. dangerous mechanism of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A patient with a stroke has AF. What is the treatment and when is it given?

A

Abixapan 2 weeks after to prevent haemorrhagic transformation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the sign when knee extension is painful in meningitis?

A

Kernig sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the sign when neck flexion causes knee/hip flexion in meningitis?

A

Brudzinski sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which artery is affected in stroke patients with prosopagnosia and homonymous hemianopia only?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name five factors that gives a better MS prognosis

A

Female
<25
First presentation of optic neuritis
>1 year between episodes
Less lesions on MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is one of the first things to do with a stroke patient in the hospital to prevent complications?

A

Make them NBM to prevent aspiration pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If the onset of a stroke is unknown what is contraindicated?

A

Thrombolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What dermatome covers the medial lower leg?

A

L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes paraplegia and what is it?

A

Spinal cord compression
5/5 upper limbs
0/5 lower limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the sensory level at the umbilicus?

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A lesion where in the brain causes a left mouth droop?

A

Left brain stem
due to cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the lesion causing intranuclear opthalmoplegia in MS?

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus
this causes eyes not to align

28
Q

Would MS or spinal cord compression cause absent ankle jerks?

A

NO
MS never affects LMN
Spinal cord can compress LMN roots

29
Q

What does Romberg test test?

A

proprioception

30
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat a cerebral abscess?

A

IV metronidazole and cefuroxime

31
Q

What is the most useful step after a patient present with epillepsy or syncope?

A

Gain collateral history of what happened before and after the episode

32
Q

A patient with meningitis has a seizure, what are you going to do next?

A

Add IV acyclovir for enecephalitis

33
Q

What is the difference in visual defect between an MCA stroke and a PCA stroke?

A

MCA stroke- homonymous hemianiopia
PCA stroke- visual agnosia

34
Q

What nerve lesion causes a winged scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve

35
Q

What nerve is damaged in a hip dislocation and what signs are seen?

A

Sciatic nerve
Loss of flexion and extension of foot and hamstrings
Loss of sensation below the knee except medial leg

36
Q

What nerve injury causes a shuffling gait and claw foot

A

Tibial nerve injury
blow to the back of the knee

37
Q

A pregnant/ obese woman presents with burning sensation in their thigh. Why?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve trapped in inguinal ligament

38
Q

What GCS Verbal score is given to confused and muddled speech?

A

4

39
Q

What GCS Verbal score is given to inappropriate words without conversational exchanged speech?

A

3

40
Q

How can alcohol intoxication affect speech

A

Dysarthria (cerebellar speech)
Due to cerebellar dysfunction

41
Q

What dermatome covers the dorsum of the foot?

A

L5

42
Q

What dermatome covers the cheek?

A

trigeminal nerve

43
Q

What is the next step after a patient with Parkinsons is refractory with levodopa?

A

Decrease levodopa dose and add a dopamine agonist e.g ropinerole

44
Q

What type of gait is seen in parkinsons?

A

Extrapyrimidal gait

45
Q

What type of gait is seen in stroke or cerebral paslsy?

A

Spastic gait

46
Q

What type of ataxia and gait is seen in Vitamin B12 deficiency?

A

Sensory ataxia ->stomping gait
Loss of proprioception

47
Q

What type of gait is seen in proximal muscle weakness?

A

Waddling gait

48
Q

What type of gait is seen in post hip surgery to avoid pain?

A

Antalgic gait

49
Q

What type of gait is seen in Guillain barre syndrome, MS or peroneal nerve injury?

A

High stepping gait

50
Q

What type of gait is seen in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Gait apraxia

51
Q

Is there confusion in lacunar stroke?

A

No

52
Q

Cauda equina is the compression of sensory fibres leaving which spinal levels? And how does this affect reflexes?

A

S3-S5
LMN affected so reduced reflexes

53
Q

What type of strokes are carotid dopplers not useful in?

A

Posterior circulation stroke

54
Q

What kind of meningitis in a patient with a history of alcoholism and recent chest infection? What is the mortality?

A

Pneumococcal meningitis
20% mortality

55
Q

Which meningitis bacterial vs viral presents more suddenly and severe?

A

Bacterial

56
Q

What is the most sensitive test for subarachnoid haemorrhage within 48 hrs?

A

Non contrast CT head

57
Q

How would you administer Parkinsons medication if they are NBM?

A

Insert NG tube to administer medication
Rotigotine patch
If they have dementia: rivastigmine patch

58
Q

What is the most common form of GBS? What is a complication of this?

A

Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (which can affect sensory nerves too unlike MG) which can lead to type 2 respiratory failure

59
Q

Does frontotemporal dementia cause motor issues?

A

No
Consider Huntington’s disease

60
Q

Which headaches occur roughly the same time everyday?

A

Cluster headaches

61
Q

What is a contraindication to a lumbar puncture apart from raised ICP?

A

rapidly evolving non blanching rash

62
Q

What risk does clozapine cause and what investigation is needed?

A

Agranulocytosis - do an FBC

63
Q

What type of memory is most impaired in dementia?

A

Short term memory

64
Q

What is the best treatment for a neuropathic bladder in an MS patient

A

self-catheterisation
medication is unlikely to helpI

65
Q

In neuroleptic malignant syndrome what blood marker is diagnostic?

A

CK levels

66
Q

Where is the lesion if there is intrinsic hand muscle wasting and sensory loss of forearm?

A

T1

YEAR 3 CORRECTIONS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions