Infectious Disease Flashcards
What two stains get detect acid fast bacilli like TB and can retrieve results within 24 hrs?
- Ziehl-Neelson stain
- Auramine stain
What is the fastest test for TB?
rapid sputum test: NAAT
A patient has chills, jaundice and low platelets and anaemia on their FBC and has just come back from Nigeria. What pathogen causes this disease?
falciparum Malaria
I have nausea and vomiting and RUQ, what infection do I have?
Hepatitis A
A patient has sore throat, malaise, red tonsils, lymphdenopathy, scleral icterus and hepatosplenomegaly. What is the first investigation?
Monospot/ EBV test
A uni student has grey/ green exudate on their throat and splenomegaly. What do they have?
Infectious mononucleosis
A patient has enlarged parotid glands and enlarged testicles. What do they have?
Mumps
A patient with recurrent illness has a maculopapular rash. What do they have?
HIV
What does the blood film for EBV infection show?
Atypical lymphocytes and clumped chromatin
What indicates sepsis without signs of shock?
WCC <4*109/L
What skin condition can be seen in the shins of TB patients?
Erythema nodosum
What kind of diarrhoea do Staph infections cause?
Non-bloody diarrhoea
What kind of diarrhoea do Campylobacter infections cause?
Bloody diarrhoea
Management of Gilberts disease?
Reassure and discharge
Which antibiotic can cause cholestasis?
Co-amoxiclav
Give an example of a stimulant laxative
Senna
Give four conditions that cause clubbing
Cirrhosis
Achalasia
IBD
Coeliac disease
Does HCC cause clubbing?
No
What is the most common cause of upper GI bleeds?
Peptic ulcer disease
How can TB affect urinary system and what is seen on dipstick?
Dysuria
neutrophils on dipstick
Which antibiotic is closely related to co-amoxiclav?
Meropenem
Is mumps or haemophilus influenzae more likely to be seen in the lumbar puncture of viral meningitis?
Mumps
What does gram negative diplococcus on lumbar puncture suggest>
Neisseria meningitidis
What does white lesions in the mouth and memory decline suggest?
HIV related dementia
AIDS dementia complex
What defined AIDS?
evidence of AIDS illness e.g. TB
CD4 <200 cells/mm3
Can c.diff diarrhoea be bloody?
yes
How would you treat HIV which has led to mycobacterium avium complex?
RIPE
What is stage one of HIV infection and what symptoms are seen?
Seroconversion
Flu like illness with lymphadenopathy
What does a CD4 <50 with eye pain, blurred vision, fever and encephalitis suggest?
Cytomegalovirus infection
What blood test marker should be looked at in an elderly patient with confusion?
CRP
can lead to a septic screen
Which antibiotic gives mainly gram negative cover?
Gentamicin
Which antibiotic gives cover for anaerobic organisms?
Metronidazole
Co-amoxiclav
Name four antibiotics that can lead to a C diff infection
Amoxicillin
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
Ciprofloxacin
What treatment is indicated in severe COVID-19?
Oxygen, remdesivir and dexamethasone
When is remdesivir contraindicated?
eGFR<30
What pathogen causes gram negative sepsis in biliary system?
E Coli
What is Herpes Human virus 3?
Varicella Xoster virus
What can cause fever 3-5 days post operation?
Infection of the respiratory/ urinary tract
What can be given if BP remains low after fluid resuscitation in septic shock?
alpha 1 antagonist: metaraminol
If a patient has recurrent candidiasis what shoult they be tested for?
Diabetes
HbA1c
What protozoa causes diarrhoea in a HIV patient?
Cryptosporidium
What can a rash with folliculitis on chest suggest and hence what should be done?
Late HIV infection
Do HIV serology
Which gram positive cocci are in clusters vs pairs?
S.aureus: clusters
Strep pneumoniae: pairs
Why is C. Diff hard to destroy?
Due to spore formation
