Urology

Question 1

What is cryptorchidism and what are the different types?

Answer 1

Any testis that cannot be manipulated into the bottom half of the scrotum
True-genuinely undescended
Retractile- sits high but can get back into scrotum, but then goes back up, get better and don’t need anything done
Ectopic- come to thigh or opposite side
Ascending- present at four or five with an undescended teste as they cant keep up with growth

Question 2

What are the indications for an Orchidopexy in cryptorchidism?

Answer 2

Fertility- 1% loss germs cells / month undescent
Malignancy
Trauma- Trauma-fractures more likely in UDT
Torsion
Cosmetic

Question 3

What are medical indications for circumcision?

Answer 3

Absolute-Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO)

Relative- balanoposthitis, UTI

Question 4

What is an appendix of testis torsion?

Answer 4

Appendix of testes is a remnant of embryology which can twist and tort, then get referred pain to testes
Will see blue dot sign (gangrenous hydatid)

Question 5

What is hypospadias?

Answer 5

Urethral meatus on the ventral aspect of the penis

Can be one of the first signs of ambiguous genitalia