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Backup Gen > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

Epidydomo-orchitis – can present with

A

Epidydomo-orchitis – can present with hydrocaele (TV from peritoneum)

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2
Q

Chronic kidney inflammation like staghorn at risk off

A

SCC

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3
Q

kidney can autoregulate systolic pressures of

A

kidney can autoregulate systolic pressures of 80-180mmHg,

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4
Q

typical GFR is

A

typical GFR is 125ml per minute

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5
Q

Kidneys covered in

A

Kidneys covered in Gerota’s fascia

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6
Q

painless frank haematuria + paraneoplastic HTN

A 
Renal adenocarcinoma
(HTN = hormonal = glandular therfore hormonal)
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7
Q

Ureter length and position

A

25-35 cm long
Retroperitoneal structure overlying transverse processes L2-L5
Lies anterior to bifurcation of iliac vessels
Lies beneath the uterine artery

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8
Q

Upper ureter drains to the

A

para-aortic nodes

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9
Q

Lower ureter drains to the

A

common iliac nodes

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10
Q

Blood supply is segmental;…

A

renal artery, aortic branches, gonadal branches, common iliac and internal iliac

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11
Q

Lobes affected in BPH and carcinoma

A

BPH – median lobe, carcinoma – posterior lobe

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12
Q

eponymous name of Renal adenocarcinoma

A

Grawitz tumour

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13
Q

Most radiodense stones

A

Calcium Phosphate>oxalate, Cysteine (Sulphur),

Cysteine (Sulphur),

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14
Q

Slightly and radiolucent

A

Slightly: Struvite, RL: Urate

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15
Q

Cremasteric reflex enrve

A

Cremasteric reflex – genitofemoral nerve

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16
Q

Left sided varicocele – management

A

no surgery - renal tumour occluding the renal vein, Abdo US.

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17
Q

Longest urethra

A

Spongy urethra

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18
Q

WIDTHS of urethra in order

A

Width: Prostatic>Penile/Spongy>Membranous (narrowest)

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19
Q

Bulbar urethral damage – urine collects in

A

Bulbar urethral damage – urine collects in scrotal connective tissue

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20
Q

Seminoma describe presentation, bloods and appearance

A

Irregular painless mass, normal AFP + hCG

stroma has a lymphocytic infiltrate

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21
Q

Retroperitoneal fibrosis - presentation and management

A

medially displaced ureters, abdo fullness, paraortic mass, HTN - require stenting + steroids

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22
Q

sodium enters descending limb /24hours

A

60L of water containing 9000mmol sodium enters descending limb /24hours

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23
Q

How much Ca2+ reabsorbed in kdneys

A

95% calcium is reabsorbed

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24
Q

Cystic Fibrosis will have an absent…

A

99% Cystic Fibrosis – absent vas deferens!

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25
Q

Kidney Hilum levels and order of contents

A

Kidney Hilum Ant>Post: Vein /Artery (L1, Rt L2)/Ureter

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26
Q

Muddy brown casts

A

Muddy brown casts – acute tubular necrosis

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27
Q

Fleshy pink kidney tumour

A

SCC – go back ensure radical nephrouretectomy

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28
Q

HLA Matching for donor kidney

A

HLA Matching for donor kidney DR>B>A “Dr Baaa”

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29
Q

before LHRH to prevent prostate tumour flare

A

Cyproterone/flumatenide before LHRH – prostate tumour flare!

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30
Q

Smooth round lump on vas post vasectomy

A

Smooth round lump on vas post vasectomy – sperm granuloma – normal!

31
Q

Furosemide effect on Sodium Secretion

A

Furosemide >25% Na secretion

32
Q

Acute haematocoele

A

Acute haematocoele – go straight to scrotal exploration

33
Q

Painless penile ulcer

A

Syphilis! Treponema pallidum

34
Q

Ectopic testes are found.

A

the base of penis or superficial inguinal pouch

NOT the inguinal rings or the Intracanalicular

35
Q

Ureteric calculi management

A

Ureteric calculi 5-10mm ESWL

10-20mm Ureteroscopy

36
Q

Renal Calculi management

A

10-20mm ESWL/Ureteroscopy

>20mm PCNL

37
Q

Haematuria + COPD = Bladder CA

A

Haematuria + COPD = Bladder TCC!

38
Q

Autonomic penile control:

A

Autonomic penile control: p=parasympathetic=points s=sympathetic=shoots

39
Q

scrotal approach for hydrocele

A

Joublay scrotal approach for hydrocele

40
Q

Organism alkalising urine – staghorn calculi

A

Proteus mirabilis – most common Proteus alkalising urine – staghorn calculi

41
Q

Female urethra – lymph

A

Female urethra – internal ililac nodes

42
Q

Control of external urethral sphincter.

A

Onufs nucleus - S2 anterior horn - external urethral sphincter.

43
Q

to calculate renal plasma flow

A

Para-amino hippuric acid (PAH) to calculate renal plasma flow

44
Q

Prostate drains into

A

Prostate drains into internal iliac 1st and sacral.

45
Q

Ciclosporin is

A

Ciclosporin is nephrotoxic

46
Q

Smooth painless scrotal swellings, adherent, testes palpable

A

Smooth painless scrotal swellings, adherent, testes palpable = epidydimal cyst

47
Q

haematuria and bladder calcification

A

Schistosoma haematobium

Schistosoma calcifies bladders

48
Q

haematuria, fever, polycythaemia, left varicocele

A

RCC – haematuria, fever, polycythaemia, left varicocele

49
Q

Beta nephthaline exposure

A

Beta nephthaline exposure – bladder cancer!

50
Q

Closure of patient Processsus vaginalis at

A

2 years via inguinal approach

51
Q

Gynocomastia? What type of testicular tumour?

A

Gynocomastia? Leydig cell tumour!

52
Q

Prostatic and membranous urethra – drain into

A

Prostatic and membranous urethra – drain into internal iliac nodes

53
Q

for stress urinary incontinence (NOT overactive bladder syndrome)…

A

Burch Colposuspension - stress urinary incontinence (NOT overactive bladder syndrome)

54
Q

95% of foreskins should be retractile by

A

95% of foreskins should be retractile by Age 16

55
Q

haemorraghic lesion on kidney…

A

Angiomyolipomata – haemorraghic lesion on kidney – tuberous sclerosis!

56
Q

Egypt – bladder infection and cancer

A

Egypt – schistomiasis, bladder SCC

57
Q

Prostate supplied by

A

Inferior vesicular artery

58
Q

Ureter derived form

A

Ureter derived form mesonephric duct

59
Q

The spongiosa urethra is contained wholly in

A

The spongiosa urethra is contained wholly in Buck’s fascia

60
Q

Impotence
Claudication of thigh and buttocks
Thigh muscle wasting
Absent on decreased femoral pulses…

A

Leriche syndrome (Aortoiliac occlusive disease)

61
Q

most accurate calculated egfr

A

Inulin – most accurate calculated egfr

62
Q

Ureter related to what ligament?

A

Ureter related to broad ligament – NOT ROUND

63
Q

Anterior scrotal skin sensation from

A

Anterior scrotal skin – ilioinguinalnerve

64
Q

Proteus infection, pH of urine, type of stone

A

Proteus infection – alkali urine – staghorn calculi – STRUVITE

65
Q

Hilum vessel order

A

Renal vein / artery / ureter most posteriorly

66
Q

Cremaster – derived from

A

Cremaster – derived from interal oblique

67
Q

Penis: Sympathetic nerves originate from

A

Penis: Sympathetic nerves originate from T11-L2

Think 4 levels for quadrants

68
Q

Penis: parasympathetic nerves from

A

parasympathetic nerves from S2-4 join to form pelvic plexus

[Last 4 for erection!)

69
Q

Ovaries drains..

A

Ovaries - para-aortic lymphatics via the gonadal vessels.

70
Q

Uterine Fundus drainage…

A

Uterine fundus - runs with the ovarian - para-aortic nodes.
The fundus is the top bit - proximity to ovaries
Some along the round ligament - inguinal nodes.

71
Q

Uterine body drainage

A

Uterine body - broad ligament - iliac lymph nodes

Like the cervix!

72
Q

Cervix -

A

external iliac , presacral and internal iliac nodes.

73
Q

Vagina Lymph
Superior -
Inferior -

A

Vagina
Superior - internal and external iliac nodes
Inferior - superficial inguinal nodes.

74
Q

Main Uterine Support

A

Uterine Support - Central perineal tendon

Backup Gen (15 decks)

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