Urology Flashcards by Asif Unknown

Epidydomo-orchitis – can present with

Epidydomo-orchitis – can present with hydrocaele (TV from peritoneum)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic kidney inflammation like staghorn at risk off

SCC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

kidney can autoregulate systolic pressures of

kidney can autoregulate systolic pressures of 80-180mmHg,

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

typical GFR is

typical GFR is 125ml per minute

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kidneys covered in

Kidneys covered in Gerota’s fascia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

painless frank haematuria + paraneoplastic HTN

Renal adenocarcinoma
(HTN = hormonal = glandular therfore hormonal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ureter length and position

25-35 cm long
Retroperitoneal structure overlying transverse processes L2-L5
Lies anterior to bifurcation of iliac vessels
Lies beneath the uterine artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Upper ureter drains to the

para-aortic nodes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lower ureter drains to the

common iliac nodes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood supply is segmental;…

renal artery, aortic branches, gonadal branches, common iliac and internal iliac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lobes affected in BPH and carcinoma

BPH – median lobe, carcinoma – posterior lobe

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

eponymous name of Renal adenocarcinoma

Grawitz tumour

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most radiodense stones

Calcium Phosphate>oxalate, Cysteine (Sulphur),

Cysteine (Sulphur),

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Slightly and radiolucent

Slightly: Struvite, RL: Urate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cremasteric reflex enrve

Cremasteric reflex – genitofemoral nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left sided varicocele – management

no surgery - renal tumour occluding the renal vein, Abdo US.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Longest urethra

Spongy urethra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

WIDTHS of urethra in order

Width: Prostatic>Penile/Spongy>Membranous (narrowest)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bulbar urethral damage – urine collects in

Bulbar urethral damage – urine collects in scrotal connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Seminoma describe presentation, bloods and appearance

Irregular painless mass, normal AFP + hCG

stroma has a lymphocytic infiltrate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retroperitoneal fibrosis - presentation and management

medially displaced ureters, abdo fullness, paraortic mass, HTN - require stenting + steroids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sodium enters descending limb /24hours

60L of water containing 9000mmol sodium enters descending limb /24hours

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How much Ca2+ reabsorbed in kdneys

95% calcium is reabsorbed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cystic Fibrosis will have an absent…

99% Cystic Fibrosis – absent vas deferens!

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kidney Hilum levels and order of contents

Kidney Hilum Ant>Post: Vein /Artery (L1, Rt L2)/Ureter

Muddy brown casts

Muddy brown casts – acute tubular necrosis

Fleshy pink kidney tumour

SCC – go back ensure radical nephrouretectomy

HLA Matching for donor kidney

HLA Matching for donor kidney DR>B>A “Dr Baaa”

before LHRH to prevent prostate tumour flare

Cyproterone/flumatenide before LHRH – prostate tumour flare!

Smooth round lump on vas post vasectomy

Smooth round lump on vas post vasectomy – sperm granuloma – normal!

Furosemide effect on Sodium Secretion

Furosemide >25% Na secretion

Acute haematocoele

Acute haematocoele – go straight to scrotal exploration

Painless penile ulcer

Syphilis! Treponema pallidum

Ectopic testes are found.

the base of penis or superficial inguinal pouch | NOT the inguinal rings or the Intracanalicular

Ureteric calculi management

Ureteric calculi 5-10mm ESWL | 10-20mm Ureteroscopy

Renal Calculi management

10-20mm ESWL/Ureteroscopy | >20mm PCNL

Haematuria + COPD = Bladder CA

Haematuria + COPD = Bladder TCC!

Autonomic penile control:

Autonomic penile control: p=parasympathetic=points s=sympathetic=shoots

scrotal approach for hydrocele

Joublay scrotal approach for hydrocele

Organism alkalising urine – staghorn calculi

Proteus mirabilis – most common Proteus alkalising urine – staghorn calculi

Female urethra – lymph

Female urethra – internal ililac nodes

Control of external urethral sphincter.

Onufs nucleus - S2 anterior horn - external urethral sphincter.

to calculate renal plasma flow

Para-amino hippuric acid (PAH) to calculate renal plasma flow

Prostate drains into

Prostate drains into internal iliac 1st and sacral.

Ciclosporin is

Ciclosporin is nephrotoxic

Smooth painless scrotal swellings, adherent, testes palpable

Smooth painless scrotal swellings, adherent, testes palpable = epidydimal cyst

haematuria and bladder calcification

Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma calcifies bladders

haematuria, fever, polycythaemia, left varicocele

RCC – haematuria, fever, polycythaemia, left varicocele

Beta nephthaline exposure

Beta nephthaline exposure – bladder cancer!

Closure of patient Processsus vaginalis at

2 years via inguinal approach

Gynocomastia? What type of testicular tumour?

Gynocomastia? Leydig cell tumour!

Prostatic and membranous urethra – drain into

Prostatic and membranous urethra – drain into internal iliac nodes

for stress urinary incontinence (NOT overactive bladder syndrome)...

Burch Colposuspension - stress urinary incontinence (NOT overactive bladder syndrome)

95% of foreskins should be retractile by

95% of foreskins should be retractile by Age 16

haemorraghic lesion on kidney...

Angiomyolipomata – haemorraghic lesion on kidney – tuberous sclerosis!

Egypt – bladder infection and cancer

Egypt – schistomiasis, bladder SCC

Prostate supplied by

Inferior vesicular artery

Ureter derived form

Ureter derived form mesonephric duct

The spongiosa urethra is contained wholly in

The spongiosa urethra is contained wholly in Buck’s fascia

Impotence Claudication of thigh and buttocks Thigh muscle wasting Absent on decreased femoral pulses...

Leriche syndrome (Aortoiliac occlusive disease)

most accurate calculated egfr

Inulin – most accurate calculated egfr

Ureter related to what ligament?

Ureter related to broad ligament – NOT ROUND

Anterior scrotal skin sensation from

Anterior scrotal skin – ilioinguinalnerve

Proteus infection, pH of urine, type of stone

Proteus infection – alkali urine – staghorn calculi – STRUVITE

Hilum vessel order

Renal vein / artery / ureter most posteriorly

Cremaster – derived from

Cremaster – derived from interal oblique

Penis: Sympathetic nerves originate from

Penis: Sympathetic nerves originate from T11-L2 | Think 4 levels for quadrants

Penis: parasympathetic nerves from

parasympathetic nerves from S2-4 join to form pelvic plexus [Last 4 for erection!)

Ovaries drains..

Ovaries - para-aortic lymphatics via the gonadal vessels.

Uterine Fundus drainage...

Uterine fundus - runs with the ovarian - para-aortic nodes. The fundus is the top bit - proximity to ovaries Some along the round ligament - inguinal nodes.

Uterine body drainage

Uterine body - broad ligament - iliac lymph nodes Like the cervix!

Cervix -

external iliac , presacral and internal iliac nodes.

Vagina Lymph Superior - Inferior -

Vagina Superior - internal and external iliac nodes Inferior - superficial inguinal nodes.

Main Uterine Support

Uterine Support - Central perineal tendon