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April 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

spiral tibial fracture ten-year-old minimally displaced - management

A

? above knee casting or IM nail

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2
Q

Crepitus after a few days post-amputation

A

gas gangrene

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3
Q

Fall onto outstretched hand pain over the thumb index and middle finger which bone?

A

radial deviation scaphoid, ulnar deviation lunate

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4
Q

40% burn, a few days later abdominal pain and vomiting

A

Curling’s ulcer

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5
Q

Esophageal perforation how would you investigate?

A

Water soluble contrast

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6
Q

6 weeks with pain bilious vomiting with no mass

A

volvulus

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7
Q

40-year old female with discreet breast nodule

A

<35 fibroadenoma 35-50 cyst >50 cancer

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8
Q

Mortality score -

A

Mortality score - APACHE II

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9
Q

nerve root supplying little finger

A

nerve root supplying little finger - c8

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10
Q

Nerve damage in distal fibula fracture -

A

Nerve damage in distal fibula fracture - - sural nerve

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11
Q

Chest Tube

A

5TH IC, just anterior to Mid Axillary Line

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12
Q

Peritonism develops 4 hours after a stab injury - ?CT

A

?CT

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13
Q

Spinal anaesthesia at the level of

A

Spinal anaesthesia at the level of L3/L4 OR L4/L5

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14
Q

Structures damaged with submandibular gland excision…

A

**************

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15
Q

Chinese man with epistaxis

A

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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16
Q

bilateral neck swellings,

A

cancer from Central tongue

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17
Q

Chronic dialysis patient with high PTH and HIGH calcium

A

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism if the calcium is normal/low.

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18
Q

Splenic rupture post infection

A

epstein-barr virus

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19
Q

Sausage-shaped mass

A

intussusception

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20
Q

Branchial cyst - failure of obliteration of the…

A

Branchial cyst - failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft

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21
Q

Thiazides - inhibit

A

Thiazides - inhibit NaCl reabsorption from DCT

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22
Q

Ischaemic foot and renal insufficiency

A

CTA?

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23
Q

Long-standing painful nodule at stoma -

A

PG?

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24
Q

Frank haematuria and loin mass

A

renal cell carcinoma

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25
Q

Cushing’s triad -

A

Bradycardia, systolic hypertension, irregular respiration

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26
Q

Auto digestion of pancreas

A

trypsin

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27
Q

Loss of taste to anterior tongue

A

Loss of taste to anterior tongue - Taste fibres of facial nerve go to the Geniculate ganglion

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28
Q

ABG for COPD

A

ABG for COPD - high bicarb and carbon dioxide level

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29
Q

ABG for COPD

A

ABG for COPD - high bicarb and carbon dioxide level normal pC02 4.6-6.0 normal HC03 22-28 normal BE -2/+2

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30
Q

Increased cardiac output for heart transplant patient

A

Increased atrial filling

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31
Q

long standing peptic ulcer disease -

A

increased secretion of gastrin

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32
Q

9, 10 and 11 cranial nerves transmitted via

A

the jugular foramen

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33
Q

9, 10 and 11 cranial nerves originate from the

A

medulla

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34
Q

Heart valves are made of -

A

fibrous tissue and collagen

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35
Q

Abnormal thyroid function in high cholesterol

A

Hypothyroidism

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36
Q

Sheep worker and tender liver

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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37
Q

Patient with antithrombin III Dvt how do you treat

A

Heparin bridging therapy while starting warfarin

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38
Q

Woman with breast cancer develops a dusky painful leg

A

Woman with breast cancer develops a dusky painful leg a one ABP of 1 - from thrombolytic with angiography then pop bypass heparin

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39
Q

16 days post-op serious and discharge from the wound

A

wound dehiscence

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40
Q

cardiac output per systole

A

70ml

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41
Q

Calcified liver nodule

A

hydatid cyst

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42
Q

The effect of loop diuretics -

A

act on the Na+-K+-2Cl− symporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium, chloride and potassium reabsorption

43
Q

recurrent right upper quadrant pain -

A

elective cholecystectomy

44
Q

hypospadia congenital abnormality

A

Failure of genital fold - resulting in persisting urethral groove Epispaias - dorsal wall of urethra wholly or partially absent

45
Q

Tonsillitis in child

A

strep pyogenes

46
Q

Tracheostomy

A

******************** Emergency = Surgical Planned =

47
Q

he right coronary artery (RCA) is an artery originating

A

he right coronary artery (RCA) is an artery originating - above the right cusp of the aortic valve, at the right aortic sinus in the heart

48
Q

Sjorgens Syndrome Antibodies -

A

SSA/Ro and SSB/La, ANA, Rheumatoid factor

49
Q

NSAIDs mechanism -

A

inhibition of COX1/2 - suppression of prostaglandin

50
Q

Left lower limb palsy -

51
Q

RTA, leg movement absent, internal rotation

A

RTA, leg movement absent, internal rotation - posterior dislocation with sciatic nerve injury

52
Q

Emergency tracheostomy divide

A

Emergency tracheostomy divide - the thyroid isthmus

53
Q

Tumour markers of breast

A

Tumour markers of breast - three tumor markers – cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), cancer antigen 27.29 (CA 27.29), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

54
Q

Pregnant lady who had a fall with chest pain

A

Pregnant lady who had a fall with chest pain - aortic dissection

55
Q

Most common type of gallstone in sickle cell -

A

Most common type of gallstone in sickle cell - pigment stones

56
Q

Preoperative prep for someone who is hyperthyroid

A

Beta blocker

57
Q

Anal sphincter dermatome

A

Anal sphincter dermatome - S4

58
Q

Failure of pleuroperitoneal membrane Fusion with septum transversum

A

Bochdalek hernia Posterior Left

59
Q

Graft rejection <6 months

A

CMV infection

60
Q

Ovarian cyst with hair

A

Ovarian cyst with hair - teratoma

61
Q

posterior wall of inguinal canal

A

Transversalis fascia Conjoint tendon

62
Q

ECG in hyperkalaemia

A

St depression and flat t waves - hyperkalemia

63
Q

Hernia operation, numb scrotum - damage to

A

Hernia operation, numb scrotum - damage to ilioinguinal nerve

64
Q

Thoracic duct injury in an oesophagectomy

A

Damage at aortic opening

65
Q

Middle third clavicle injury

A

damage to subclavian artery

66
Q

hip pain obese teenager -

67
Q

A child with limp -

68
Q

Posterior dislocation of the hip - nerve damage

A

sciatic nerve or fibular nerve damage

69
Q

Mediastinal mass biopsy, non-neuroendocrine, epithelial cell

70
Q

tracheal deviation with stridor -

A

Retrosternal goitre

71
Q

Right adrenal gland relation -

72
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture

A

Simmonds test

73
Q

Ligation of the splenic hilum can result in- i

A

injury to the pancreatic tail

74
Q

esophageal varices - anastomosis with

A

anastomosis with left gastric vein

75
Q

Cheek Swelling..Raised…

A

*************

76
Q

Calcium levels in osteoporosis

A

Calcium levels in osteoporosis - normal calcium level

77
Q

Left hypochondrium pain old age with PR bleeding mixed with stool bright and also no history of hypertension and beta blocker -

A

************** ischaemic colitis esophageal varices or anal cancer? haha

78
Q

Loss of foot dorsiflexion after operation

A

Loss of peroneal nerve

79
Q

scrotal lymphatic drainage

A

superficial inguinal nodes

80
Q

anal lymphatic drainage

A

superficial inguinal nodes

81
Q

Ureter relation to uterine artery

A

Ureter Lies beneath the uterine artery

82
Q

Dartos muscle location

A

Subcutaneous scrotum

83
Q

Waddling gait

A

superior gluteal nerve

84
Q

Player with sudden death -

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

85
Q

Effects of spinal anaesthetic -

86
Q

Child in pain in the angle of mandible with fever

A

mandibular abscess

87
Q

ECG in hypothermia

A

Widening of QRS, increased PR and QT J waves

88
Q

Loss of elbow and wrist extension

A

radial nerve

89
Q

Woman on the oral contraceptive pill abdominal pain neuropathy

A

acute intermittent porphyria

90
Q

Collapse after shaft of femur fracture -

A

fat embolism

91
Q

teenager with shaft of femur fracture

A

Ewing sarcoma

92
Q

Pelvic fracture, prostate not palpable

A

damage to membranous urethra

93
Q

diarrhoea or hypoglycemia following a gastrectomy

94
Q

relation of uncinate process to superior mesenteric artery

A

posterior to SMA

95
Q

sweating of cheek instead of parotid secretions! What nerve and name of syndrome

A

Frey’s syndrome - auricotemporal nerve damage

96
Q

Female with recurrent blood stained discharge

A

**********

97
Q

Mass in upper part of lung with high urea and high calcium

A

****************

98
Q

FAP type of polym

A

Tubular Adenomatous polyp

99
Q

Paraplegic patient, mid thoracic fracture - still has voluntary urination

A

Sparing of pudendal nerve Levels for urination

100
Q

The structure forming the lower border of the heart

A

left ventricle

101
Q

Posterolateral hernia in child

A

Bochdalek hernia Failure of fusion of pleuroperitoneal membrane with septum transversum

102
Q

Cheek swelling - raised -

103
Q

pfannelstein incision

A

skin, sub cut, fat, campers, scarpas ant. rectus sheath rectus muscle pyrimidalis (NOT POST RECTUS SHEATH) transversalis fascia peritoneum

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