Urology 2

Question 1

surgeries of the kidney? (6)

Answer 1

Open surgeries
- Radical nephrectomy
- Simple Nephrectomy
Laparoscopic surgery
- Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy
- Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Stone removal
- Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
- percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Question 2

Surgeries of the ureter (7)

Answer 2

Nephroureterectomy
Open pyeloplasty
Laparoscopic pyeloplasty
Ureteroureterostomy (anastomosis of the ureters)
Ureterocystostomy (reimplantation of the ureter in the bladder)
Megaureter operations
Ureteroscopy

Question 3

Surgeries of the bladder (7)

Answer 3

TURB
Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)
Cystolithopaxy
Cystolithotomy (section alta)
Ileal conduct
Colon conduct
Ileum neobladder (studer or Hautmann)

Question 4

Surgeries of the prostate (9)

Answer 4

Biopsy
Transurethral prostate resection
Greenlight laser treatment in BPH
Suprapubic simple prostatectomy
Retropubic simple prostatectomy
Retropubic radical prostatectomy
Perineal radical prostatectomy
Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Brachytherapy of the prostate

Question 5

Surgeries of the penis (11)

Answer 5

Circumcision
Frenuloplasty
Internal urethrotomy
Open urethral reconstruction
Penile deviation
Hypospadias operations
MAGPI hypospadias repair
Matheu and Ducks hypospadias repair
Partial penectomy
Radical penectomy
Inguinal lymphadenectomy in cancer

Question 6

Surgeries of the testis (6)

Answer 6

Inguinal radical Orchidopexy
Scrotal Orchidopexy
Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in cancer
Hydrocelectomy
Spermatocelectomy
Vasectomy

Question 7

Developmental disorders of the penis (10)

Answer 7

Hypospadias
Epispadias
Phimosis
Failure of testicular development
Hydrocele
Varicocele (pampiniform plexus)
Inconspicuous penis
Urethra duplex
Megalourethra

Question 8

Hypospadias?

Answer 8

Fusion of urethral folds stop proximal to glands penis
Ass with:
- Abnormal ventral opening of urethral meatus
- Abnormal curvature of penis
- Abnormal foreskin
- Lack of testosteron or receptors
- Lack of 5-alpga reductase

Question 9

Phimosis?

Answer 9

Inability to retract the foreskin due to adhesions ex. smegma

Question 10

Failure of testicular development

Answer 10

Can occur all along the developmental line.
Make sure it´s not cryptorchidism by doing laparoscopic inguinal/abdominal exploratory surgery

Question 11

Cryptorchism

Answer 11

The failure of descent of testis
o In 30% of boys born at 30 weeks
o Most will descend within first 6 months
o Diagnosed with palpation. Imaging studies can assist.

Question 12

Varicocele

Answer 12

Dilation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus greater than 2 mm
o Mostly left sided. 12-20% of males. 15-25 years
o Symptoms: Infertility, scrotal pain, visible enlarged veins, feeling of heaviness in the testicle.

Question 13

Inconspicuous penis

Answer 13

A penis that appears to be small. Several enteties: Webbed penis, conceal penis (buried, hidden), trapped penis

Question 14

most common site of genitourinary injury?

Answer 14

kidneys

Question 15

types of kidney damages?

Answer 15

blunt trauma or penetrating trauma

Question 16

causes of blunt trauma to kidney

Answer 16

fall from hights
vehicle accidents
assaults

Question 17

Classification of severity of kidney trauma injury

Answer 17

Answer 18

Minor
Major
Vascular

Question 19

leading signs of kidney damage?

Answer 19

Hypotension and hemorrhagic shock
Large retroperitoneal hematoma than can be palpated

Question 20

imaging method used in kidney trauma

Answer 20

CT contrast

Question 21

complications of kidney trauma

Answer 21

o Heavy retroperitoneal bleeding > shock
o Urinary extravasation
o Perinephric abscess may form, resulting in high fever, septic shock
o Perinephric fibrosis and hydronephrosis
o Arteriovenous fistulas