Urological (URO) Disorders Flashcards
Urological (URO) Disorders tested
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Urinary Incontinence
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
- Bladder Washout
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Dysuria
- Frequent Urination
- Nocturia
- Foul Smelling Urine
- Pyuria
- Hematuria
- Suprapubic Pain & Tenderness
- Chills & Fever
Management of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- Relieve acute pain
- Improve patient comfort
- Pain is to be at an appropriate level (Using Pain Score)
Definition of Urinary Incontinence
It is the loss of bladder control.
Severity ranges from occasionally leaking urine when you cough/sneeze to having the urge to urinate that’s so sudden that you can’t get to the toilet on time.
Types of Urinary Incontinence
- Stress Incontinence: Urine leaks when there is pressure on your bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing
- Urge Incontinence: Sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by Involuntary loss of Urine
- Overflow Incontinence: Frequent dribbling of Urine
- Functional Incontinence: Physical/Mental Impairment keeps you from making it to the toilet
- Mixed Incontinence: More than 1 type together
Definition of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
An age related, non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland
Signs & Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Difficulty in Urination
- Interrupted Urinary Stream
- Pain/Burning during Urination
- Feeling of Incomplete Bladder emptying
- Frequent/Urgent Urination
- Consistent pain in the back, hips, pelvis
- Blood in Urine/Semen
Definition of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
A Resectoscope with Electrocautery (needle that is electrically heated) is used to remove obstructing Prostate Tissue through the Urethra, flushing the tissue into the Bladder
What is a Bladder Washout?
Continuous bladder irrigation with Normal Saline to remove clots from Bladder
- To monitor Inflow and Outflow and adjust infusion rate based on drainage colour and ensure catheter patency. (Bright pink - Yellow: Slow down rate, Large amount of Bright Red Blood: Increase HR)
Definition and Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Rapid decline in Renal Function with Azotemia and Fluid/Electrolyte Imbalances.
The causes are Prerenal, Intrinsic and Postrenal.
Signs & Symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- Azotemia
- Oliguria
- Edema
- Electrolyte Imbalance
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Diarrhoea
Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Kidney damage with resulting dysfunction, GFR has to be below 60ml/min, which persists for 3 or more months.
Eventually, the Kidneys are unable to excrete metabolic wastes, and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance adequately.
Signs & Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
- Neurological: Changes of Mentation, Difficulty in Concentrating, Fatigue & Insomnia
- Gastrointestinal: Anorexia, Nausea & Vomiting, Gastroenteritis
- Cardiovascular: Uncontrolled systemic hypertension
- Electrolyte: ECG changes, Respiratory Rate & Depth increases
- Hematologic: Fatigue & Weakness, Epistaxis & GI Bleeding, Impaired Cognition (Anemia)
