Hepatobiliary System (HBS) Disorders

Question 1

Hepatobiliary System (HBS) Disorders tested

Answer 1

1. Cholecystitis
2. Liver Cirrhosis
3. Hepatitis

Question 2

Definition of Cholecystitis

Answer 2

The inflammation of the gall bladder casually associated with Cholelithiasis

Question 3

Risk Factors & Complications of Cholecystitis

Answer 3

RF: Fat, Forty, Female, Fertile

C: Pain, Indigestion, Fever, Jaundice, Nausea/Vomiting, Restlessness

Question 4

Collaborative Care & Surgical Therapy for Cholecystitis

Answer 4

CC: Pain control, Infection management, Fluid/Electrolyte balance

ST: Laparoscopic/Open Cholecystectomy, T-Tube Placement (Inserted to maintain patency of the ducts & promotes bile passage while edema decreases)

Question 5

Definition of Liver Cirrhosis

Answer 5

It is a chronic disease that causes cell destruction and scarring of Liver tissue.

Scar tissues block the flow of blood through the liver and prevents many functions.

Question 6

Types of Liver Cirrhosis

Answer 6

1. Alcoholic Cirrhosis: Caused by Chronic Alcoholism and Malnutrition
2. Post-Hepatic Cirrhosis: Caused by Chronic Hepatitis B & C
3. Biliary Cirrhosis: Caused by blocked/ obstructed bile flow within the Liver or the Biliary System, leading to Fibrosis and Formation of Regenerative Nodules
4. Autoimmune Hepatitis: Type of Hepatitis caused by a problem with the Immune System
5. Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NARD) or Non-alcohol Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Caused by Fat buildup in the Liver and eventually causes scar tissue
6. Drugs, Toxins, Infections: Severe Drug Reactions, Prolonged exposure to Environmental Toxins, Parasitic Infection, and Heart Failure with Liver Congestion can lead to Cirrhosis

Question 7

Complications of Liver Cirrhosis

Answer 7

1. Bleeding
2. Ascites
3. Jaundice
4. Hepatic Encephalopathy
5. Coagulation (Easy bruising, Gum bleeding)
6. Carcinoma (HCC - RHC Pain, LOW)

Question 8

Pharmacological Management of Liver Cirrhosis

Answer 8

1. Diuretics: Spironolactone, Furosemide
2. Laxatives: Lactulose
3. Beta-Adrenergic Blockers: Propanolol
4. Antibiotics
5. Vitamin K
6. Ferrous Sulfate & Folic Acid
7. Analgesics

Question 9

Modes of Transmissions of Hepatitis

Answer 9

1. Sexual Contact (B, C, D)
2. Childbirth (B, C, D)
3. Through Saliva/Blood/Open sores (B, C, D)
4. Shared needles (B, C, D)
5. Shellfish (A, E)
6. Through Fecal matter (A, E)
7. Contaminated Food (A, E)