Musculoskeletal (MSK) Disorders Flashcards
Musculoskeletal (MSK) Disorders tested
- Hip Arthroplasty (Total Hip Replacement - THR)
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Lumbar Spine Herniated Disc
- Limb Amputation
Definition of Hip Arthroplasty (Total Hip Replacement - THR)
Surgical removal of the Hip Joint. Replacing the hip joint with an Artificial Component. (e.g. Metal Alloys/ Titanium/ Plastic/ Zirconium Oxide/ Ceramic)
Definition & Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis (OA)
D: A progressive, degenerative disorder of the joints caused by a gradual loss of cartilage and bone - resulting in pain, stiffness and bony overgrowth.
P: 1. The Cartilage becomes yellow, dull and granulates. It the becomes soft and less elastic, making it less able to resist wear with heavy use.
2. Pain and stiffness due to formation of Osteophytes.
3. Pain gets worse when exposed to bony joint surfaces, as articular cartilage has been completely destroyed.
Nursing Management of Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Pain Management
- Therapeutic Application to prevent stiffness
- Nutritional Therapy and Exercise
- Complementary/Alternative Therapies for effective symptom management
Signs & Symptoms of Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Pain
- Joint swelling/Effusion
- Locking over joint
- Crepitus
- Cramping
- Buckling
- Reduced/Limited ROM
- Bony deformity of Joints
- Morning Stiffness
- Active Inflammation
- Tenderness
Indications for Surgical Management of Hip & Knee Replacement
- Conservative management fails to control pain
- Normal living becomes intolerable: Inability to sleep, Impaired ADLs
- Loss of balance due to Joint Stiffness and Deformities
DOs & DON’Ts of Surgical Management of Hip & Knee Replacement
- Avoid sitting on low chairs
- Ensure chairs have arm support to assist when getting up
- Always walk with the assistance of a walking device
- Elevate knee to promote venous return
- Apply TED Stockings to prevent venous stasis
- Ice Therapy to knee, which helps to reduce Inflammation
Causes of Lumbar Spine Herniated Disc
- Previous back injury with repetitive movements
- Heavy lifting
- Aging
- Improper sitting posture
- Spinal pressure (e.g. Weight Gain, Pregnancy)
- Smoking
- Obesity
Signs & Symptoms of Lumbar Spine Herniated Disc
- Lower back pain
- Tightness of Hamstrings
- Stiffness
- Decreased ROM of lower back
- Nerve compression (Numbness, Tingling, and in severe cases - Loss of Bowel/Bladder Function)
Nursing Management (Post-Operative) of Lumbar Spine Herniated Disc
Surgical Procedures: Laminectomy (Removal of Posterior part of a Vertebral bone)
- To ensure careful freeing of the affected by removal of the bone that causes the narrowing of the canal
Definition and Indications of Limb Amputation
D: The removal of a portion/ all of the body extremity due to traumatic/non-traumatic injury with a complete/partial nature.
I: Poor Circulation, Skin Colour & Temperature, Large Vessel Flow, Sensory Level Tests, Proximal Joint State.
Surgical Considerations of Limb Amputation
Ensure stump length is appropriate for the prosthesis fitting to avoid circulation issues or pressure ulcers
Patient’s Problems to Identify for Limb Amputation
- Impaired Physical Mobility
- Risk of Injury to Infection and Contractures
- Pain
- Risk for ineffective Tissue Perfusion
- Altered Nutritional Status
- Knowledge Deficit
- Disturbed body image with situational low self-esteem
- Dysfunctional grieving
- Inadequate home support
