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Urology > Urological Emergencies in Adults > Flashcards

Urological Emergencies in Adults Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clinical feature of renal colic?

A

Sudden onset of severe pain in the loin, microscopic haematuria, Nausea and vomiting

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2
Q

What is a common Alpha-blocker?

A

Doxazosin

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3
Q

What are common opiates you can give?

A

Morphine or pethidine

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4
Q

What radiological test do you usually use to see Radio-opaque ureteric stones?

A

X-Ray (abdomen)

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5
Q

What does ultrasound help with the identification of?

A

Hydronephrosis

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6
Q

What is the function of a stent?

A

A stent helps with stopping peristalsis of the ureters and allows for easy passage of a ureteric stone

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7
Q

ESWL is usually indicated for stones in which part of the urinary tract?

A

Upper ureteric calculi

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8
Q

What are the 4 major indications for intervention in ureteric stones?

A
  • Anuria
  • Large stone that will not pass spontaneously
  • UTI
  • Renal Failure(increased serum creatinine)
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9
Q

How does anuria occur?

A

When pt. Have bilateral ureteric stones or had a nephrectomy

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10
Q

What are some of the surgical options for ureteric calculi?

A
  • ESWL
  • PCNL
  • ureterolithotomy (open surgery)
  • Double J Stent
  • Percutaneous Nephrostomy
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11
Q

What is the definition of microscopic haematuria?

A

> 3 RBCs per High powered Field

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12
Q

Indications for immediate catherterisation?

A
  • Presence of a UTI
  • renal failure
  • acute or chronic urinary retention
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13
Q

What does a French catheter mean?

A

It is the circumference of the catheter in millimeters

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14
Q

What size catheter do you place in females?

A

14-16 F

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15
Q

What are the causes of urinate retention in females?

A

Pregnancy
Fibroids
Urethral strictures
Urethral diverticuli

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16
Q

Causes of urinary retention in men

A

BPH

Prostate Cancer

17
Q

What is an example of an anti-cholinergic?

A

Tricyclic Anti depressants

18
Q

What is the definition of priapism

A

Prolonged election for more than 6 hours without sexual desire

19
Q

What is another name for Tamsulosin? And what does it treat?

A

Flomax

It treats BPH

20
Q

What is the complication you need to look out for in patients after chronic urinary retention?

A

Post Obstructive Diuresis/ Haematuria

21
Q

What is post-obstructive Diuresis?

A

It is defined as polyuria after obstruction of the bladder

Urine output will be about 10L per day

22
Q

What are the two types of Priapism?

A 
Low Flow(veno-occlusive) 
High Flow(arterial)
23
Q

How long does it take for cavernous smooth muscle to experience necrosis?

A

24-48 hrs

24
Q

In low flow priapism-the____ are spared

A

Glans and the corpus spongiosum

25
Q

What size butterfly needle is used in the treatment of Priapism?

A

19 Gauge butterfly needle

26
Q

An example of Intracorporeal Injection is:

A

Alpha-blocker= phenylephrine

27
Q

Which nerve is stimulated at the perineum and gives sensation to the spinal cord?

A

Pudendal Nerve

28
Q

What causes the deep arteries to dilate in the corpus cavernosum?

A

Nitric Oxide

29
Q

All sympathetic neurons arise from:

A

T1-L2

30
Q

What are the complications of Low-Flow Priapism?

A
  1. Erectile Dysfunction

2. Infection (cavernositis)

31
Q

Treatment of Paraphimosis

A

Penile Block

Circumcision in a month

32
Q

Define Paraphimosis

A

It is a retracted foreskin that is irreducible as a result of lymphatic obstruction

33
Q

What are the 4 clinical features of high flow Priapism?

A
  1. No pain
  2. Bright res blood upon aspiration
  3. History of spinal cord injury
34
Q

Extremely painful Testicular pain causes:

A

Epidydimitis

Testicular Torsion

35
Q

Scrotal fullness pain:

A

Varicocele

Hydrocele

36
Q

Describe the Cremaster Reflex:

A

When you stroke the medial aspect of the thigh, the testicles retract

37
Q

What is the definition of a hydrocele?

A

Collection of fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis of the testis

Urology (10 decks)

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