Urologic Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Anticholinergics
A
Darifenacin (Enablex), Solifenacin (VESIcare), Oxybutynin (Gelnique, Oxytrol, Ditropan)
- Used to tx OAB resulting in urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence
- s/e: confusion, constipation, palpitations, tachycardia
- Be aware of anticholinergic side effects (constipation, urinary retention, etc.)
- Report swelling of lips or tongue, difficulty swallowing, or difficult breathing STAT
Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)
- beta-adrenergic agonist
- Used to tx OAB resulting in urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence
- s/e: dizziness, headache, Inc BP, tachycardia
- Have pt BP check periodically
- Assess pt for urinary urgency, frequency, urge incontinence during therapy
- Monitor for s/s of Angioedema
2
Q
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
A
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)
- Used to manage primary hypoaldosteronism, edema asso with CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, essential HTN. Tx hypokalemia.
- s/e: impotence, dysuria, dizziness, inc hair growth in women, gynecomastia in men
- Avoid salt subs and high potassium foods
- May cause dizziness
- BP and Labs monitored (assess both before admin)
3
Q
Loop Diuretic
A
Furosemide (lasix), Bumetanide
- Used to treat edema (CHF), hepatic or renal disease, HTN
- s/e: dizziness, excess urination, photosensitivity, hypotension, dry mouth
- Slow position changes (ortho hypoTN)
- Consume high K+ foods or K+ Supplements
- Use sunscreen
- Assess K+ level and BP before admin
- Can cause BMS
- Watch for arrhythmias
- Low K+ can cause digoxin toxicity
4
Q
Thiazide Diuretics
A
Chlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide
- Used to manage mild to mod HTN. Tx edema (CHF), renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, corticosteroid therapy, estrogen therapy.
- s/e: dizziness, photosensitivity, orthostatic hypotension, F/E imbalances
- Slow position changes
- Consume high potassium foods
- Use sunscreen
5
Q
Anti-impotence agent
A
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tadalafil (cialis)
Vardenafil (Levitra)
- Treatment for ED. Tadalafil is approved for BPH
- s/e: abnormal vision, epistaxis, sudden death, cardiovascular collapse, diarrhea
- Take as prescribed before sexual activity
- Don’t take with other drugs unless HCP Approves
- Erections lasting longer than 4 hours or sudden vision loss should be reported immediately.
- Don’t take other vasodilator meds
6
Q
BPH
A
Doxazosin, Tamsulosin, Terazosin, Alfuzosin
- Used to tx symptomatic BPH. Management of outflow obstruction in males.
- s/e: chest pain, edema, dec libido, depression, arrhythmias
- Avoid driving/other things that require alertness
- Slow position changes
- F/U appts to ensure effectiveness
- Avoid alcohol (worsens ortho hypoTN)
Finasteride, Dutasteride
- Used to tx symptoms of BPH in men with enlarged prostate gland.
- s/e: dec libido, dec volume of ejaculate, impotence
- Pregnant women should avoid exposure to semen and shouldn’t handle crushed finasteride. (Can cause birth defects)
7
Q
Phosphate Binders
A
Sevelamer, Calcium Acetate
- Used to reduce serum phosphate levels in clients with hyperphosphatemia asso with ESRD.
- s/e: diarrhea, tingling, arrhythmias, bradycardia
- Don’t break, chew, or crush tablets
- Space concurrent meds at least 1 hr before or 3 hours after this medicine.
- Given with meals
8
Q
Vitamins
A
Vitamin B with Vitamin C (Renal caps)
- Water-soluble vitamin
- Used to tx and prevent vitamin deficiency in dialyzed clients
- s/e: bright yellow urine, anaphylaxis
- Consume a well balanced diet
- Watch for s/s of deficiency of vitamin B and C
- Vitamin B is vital to blood and brain health
- Dialysis flushes out vitamins
Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)
- Fat-Soluble Vitamin
- Used to manage hypocalcemia for chronic renal dialysis clients.
- s/e: pancreatitis, abdominal pain, metallic taste
- Consume foods high in Calcium and Vitamin D
- Avoid concurrent use of antacids containing Mg+
9
Q
Hormones
A
Epoetin
- Used to treat anemia asso with Chronic Renal Failure
- s/e: seizures, HTN, resumption of menses, restored fertility
- Consume foods high in iron (meat, eggs) or take an iron supplement.
- Implement seizure precautions
10
Q
Iron Supplements
A
Iron Dextran
Iron Polysaccharide
Iron Sucrose
- Used to prevent/treat anemic clients undergoing hemodialysis and are also receiving epoetin.
- s/e: seizures, hypotension, tachycardia, hemochromatosis, heart failure
- Stools may become dark/black
- A well balanced diet is important
- Avoid coffee, tea, dairy, eggs and whole grains for 1 hr after PO dose.
11
Q
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists
A
Trospium (Sanctura), Fesoterodine (Toviaz), Tolterodine (Detrol)
- Used to tx OAB with symptoms of urge, urinary incontinence, urinary frequency
- s/e: headaches, dry mouth, constipation, UTI
- Heat prostration (fever and heat stroke due to dec sweating) may occur in hot environments
- May cause dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation. Drink plenty of fluids, consume fiber, exercise, and use sugar free hard candy.
12
Q
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
A
- Used to treat open-angle glaucoma
- s/e: Blurred Vision, discharge from eye
- Ex: Brinzolamide (Azopt), Dorzolamide (Trusopt)
