Urolithiasis

Question 1

Cystine stones are a rare form of nephrolithiasis, most commonly seen in ____ and is characterized by urine crystals that are ____in shape that are ____ on X-rays

Answer 1

children
hexagonal
faintly radiopaque

Question 2

A positive sodium cyanide nitroprusside test may help in the diagnosis of _____

Answer 2

cystine kidney stones

Question 3

In addition to IV hydration and a low-purine diet, uric acid kidney stones may be treated with ___

Answer 3

potassium citrate

Question 4

Why can people with chronic diarrhea develop uric acid stones?

Answer 4

↓ pH and ↓ urine volume (acidic and concentrated urine)

Question 5

Urinary calculi that are radiolucent on x-ray and appear as rhomboid-shaped crystals on urinalysis are most likely composed of _____

Answer 5

uric acid

Question 6

In addition to antibiotics and hydration, struvite stones are usually managed with___

Answer 6

surgical removal

Question 7

What is the likely microorganism causing a UTI in a young female with an elevated urine pH and renal calculus on imaging?

Answer 7

Proteus mirabilis

Question 8

What imaging modalities are preferred for detecting kidney stones?

Answer 8

-Abdominal CT scan without contrast (preferred)
-Ultrasound(pregnancy)

Question 9

______ with stone removal is a first-line therapy for patients with urinary stones in the middle or distal ureter ≥ 10 mm

Answer 9

Ureteroscopy

Question 10

• Kidney stone ≤ 10 mm is managed with: _____
• Kidney stone > 10 mm is managed with: _____

Answer 10

• conservative management (oral fluids / analgesia) + alpha blocker
• urology consult