Calcium/Magnesium Flashcards
What is the effect of maternal familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia on the neonatal calcium and PTH?
Decreased
Two most common causes of hypoparathyroidism:
- Surgical destruction of parathyroid glands
- Autoimmune destruction
What electrolyte abnormality is typically the cause of hypocalcemia in a patient with alcohol use disorder?
Severe hypomagnesemia
Most common cause of hypercalcemia is:
Primary hyperparathyroidism
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with hypercalcemia, elevated PTH, and high urine Ca2+?
Primary hyperparathyroidism
The signs/symptoms of multiple myeloma may be remembered with the mnemonic “CRAB”:
hyperCalcemia
Renal insufficiency
Anemia
Bone lytic lesions / Back pain
First-line treatment for acute, severely symptomatic hypocalcemia.
Intravenous calcium gluconate
Acute management of severe hypercalcemia:
Intramuscular calcitonin
How do total Ca2+ levels change in patients with hypoalbuminemia?
Decreased
What finding differentiates familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) from primary hyperparathyroidism?
Low 24 hour urinary Ca2+ excretion
What is the likely diagnosis in a young adult patient with one month of shortness of breath, nonproductive cough, and fatigue? The patient is hypercalcemic and has bilateral hilar fullness on CXR:
Sarcoidosis
Which electrolyte disturbance causes tetany, seizures, QT prolongation, twitching, hyperactive DTRs and spasm?
Low Ca2+ (hypocalcemia)
What is the likely diagnosis in a 40 pack-year smoker with symptomatic hypercalcemia (>14 mg/dL) with polyuria, constipation, nausea, and low PTH?
Malignancy (humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy)
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is due to increased PTHrP secretion and presents similarly to hyperparathyroidism:
hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia)
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that received multiple blood transfusions and develops paresthesias, carpal spasm, and hyperreflexia?
Hypocalcemia
