Calcium/Magnesium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the effect of maternal familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia on the neonatal calcium and PTH?

A

Decreased

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2
Q

Two most common causes of hypoparathyroidism:

A
  1. Surgical destruction of parathyroid glands
  2. Autoimmune destruction
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3
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is typically the cause of hypocalcemia in a patient with alcohol use disorder?

A

Severe hypomagnesemia

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4
Q

Most common cause of hypercalcemia is:

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

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5
Q

What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with hypercalcemia, elevated PTH, and high urine Ca2+?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

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6
Q

The signs/symptoms of multiple myeloma may be remembered with the mnemonic “CRAB”:

A

hyperCalcemia
Renal insufficiency
Anemia
Bone lytic lesions / Back pain

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7
Q

First-line treatment for acute, severely symptomatic hypocalcemia.

A

Intravenous calcium gluconate

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8
Q

Acute management of severe hypercalcemia:

A

Intramuscular calcitonin

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9
Q

How do total Ca2+ levels change in patients with hypoalbuminemia?

A

Decreased

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10
Q

What finding differentiates familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) from primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Low 24 hour urinary Ca2+ excretion

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11
Q

What is the likely diagnosis in a young adult patient with one month of shortness of breath, nonproductive cough, and fatigue? The patient is hypercalcemic and has bilateral hilar fullness on CXR:

A

Sarcoidosis

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12
Q

Which electrolyte disturbance causes tetany, seizures, QT prolongation, twitching, hyperactive DTRs and spasm?

A

Low Ca2+ (hypocalcemia)

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13
Q

What is the likely diagnosis in a 40 pack-year smoker with symptomatic hypercalcemia (>14 mg/dL) with polyuria, constipation, nausea, and low PTH?

A

Malignancy (humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy)

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14
Q

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is due to increased PTHrP secretion and presents similarly to hyperparathyroidism:

A

hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia)

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15
Q
A
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