AKI/CKD Flashcards
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a recent seizure who has a large amount of blood on urinalysis with few RBCs on microscopy?
Myoglobinuria (secondary to rhabdomyolysis)
Rhabdomyolysis releases heme pigments into the bloodstream, which may cause:
acute tubular necrosis (nephrotoxic)
Which type of nephrotic syndrome is most commonly associated with renal vein thrombosis?
Membranous nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome causes a(n) hypercoagulable state due to loss of
antithrombin III
What is the most common cause of abnormal hemostasis in patients with chronic renal failure?
Platelet dysfunction as consequence of Uremia
The polyuric phase of AKI is characterized by
the loss of several electrolytes
During the recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis, there is increased risk for
hypokalemia and renal wasting of other electrolytes and minerals
How does renal insufficiency cause secondary hyperparathyroidism?
↓ phosphate excretion → ↑ serum phosphate binds to calcium → ↓ free calcium → ↑ PTH release
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with chronic kidney disease that develops bone pain?
Renal osteodystrophy (due to secondary hyperparathyroidism)
How do levels of parathyroid hormone change in chronic renal disease?
Increased (secondary hyperparathyroidism)
What is the earliest sign of diabetic nephropathy?
Microalbuminuria (30–300 mg/day)
What is the likely underlying etiology of kidney disease with GBM thickening, mesangial expansion, and glomerular sclerosis?
Diabetic nephropathy
The most common side effect of erythropoietin stimulating agents is
hypertension
What is the likely underlying etiology of kidney disease with arteriosclerotic lesions of renal arterioles?
Hypertension
What would the platelet count and bleeding time show for uremia-induced platelet dysfunction?
- Platelet count = normal
- Bleeding time = prolonged
What acid-base disorder does uremia cause?
High anion gap metabolic acidosis
What acid-base disorder is a consequence of renal failure?
Metabolic acidosis
