Nephrotic syndrome/Nephritic syndrome Flashcards
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
Membranous nephropathy
Nephrotic syndrome causes a(n) _____coagulable state due to loss of ______
hyper
antithrombin III
The first-line treatment of choice for minimal change disease is:
Oral corticosteroid therapy
The initial management for a patient with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is immediate:
IV glucocorticoids
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children:
Minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis)
________ is a form of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) that presents with a(n) linear pattern on immunofluorescence
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-GBM disease)
What is the treatment for Goodpasture syndrome?
Emergent plasmapheresis
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with frothy urine with ____-casts
fatty
Patients with acute nephritic syndrome develop edema due to glomerular damage, resulting in decreased GFR and increased______
Na+/H2O retention
Which type of nephrotic syndrome is most commonly seen in HIV or heroin abuse patients?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
What is the likely underlying etiology of kidney disease with GBM thickening, mesangial expansion, and nodular glomerular sclerosis?
Diabetic nephropathy
Which type of nephrotic syndrome is most commonly associated with renal vein thrombosis?
Membranous nephropathy
What is the pathophysiology of reactive amyloidosis (secondary amyloidosis)? Chronic inflammatory process → increased production of acute phase reactant SAA → deposition of AA protein in kidney →
Nephrotic syndrome
How to differentiate Goodpasture syndrome from other causes of pulmonary-renal syndrome?
By the absence of features of systemic vasculitis (e.g., purpura, livedo reticularis) in Goodpasture syndrome
What type of nephrotic syndrome are SLE patients most likely to get?
Membranous nephropathy
Membranous nephropathy is characterized by diffuse capillary and _____ on light microscopy
GBM thickening
Membranous nephropathy is characterized by subepithelial deposits with a _______appearance on electron microscopy
‘spike and dome’
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient who presents with periorbital swelling and hematuria three weeks after a skin infection?
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with anasarca, pulmonary edema, hematuria, and proteinuria (1+)?
Acute nephritic syndrome
Patient presents with periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria (>3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
