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Renal I Midterm F'16 > Urogenital System: Embryology > Flashcards

Urogenital System: Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

When does the Pronephros appear?

A

Appears: 4th week and then degenerates

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2
Q

When does the Mesonephros appear?

A

Late in the four week and is functional until the 11th week

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3
Q

When does the Metanephros appear?

A

Appears during the 5th week; prior to degeneration of the Mesonephros.

It is functional and definitive

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4
Q

What is the Uteric Bud, and what structures does it give rise to?

A

Uteric Bud (Aka: Metanephric Bud), outgrowth of the Mesonephric Duct.

Gives rise to the Ureter, Renal Pelvis, Major & Minor Caycles and Collecting tubules

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5
Q

What are the two sources that the Kidney is dervied from and what are the general aspects of the kidney that they give rise to.

A

1) Metanephric Mesoderm (Metanephric Blastema): Excretory units
2) Uteric Bud (Metanephric Duct): Collecting system

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6
Q

What are the specific structures derived from the Uteric Bud?

A

Collecting System:

Ureter, Pelvis, Major Calyces, Minor Calyces, and Collecting Tubules

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7
Q

What are the specific structures derived from the Metanephric Blastema?

A

Excretory Units: Renal Vesicles, Bowman’s Capsule, PCT, DCT, and Loop of Henle

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8
Q

What are some of the characteristics of Renal Agenesis?

A
  • Affects males more than females
  • Other Kidney will hypertrophy to compensate
  • Suspected in infants w/ one Umbilical A.
  • Asymptomatic
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9
Q

What is the embryological mechanism and some of the characteristics of bilateral renal agenesis?

A

1) Uteric Bud didn’t form or degenerated

2) Associated w/ Oligohydraminos & Seen in 20% of Potter sequence patients

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10
Q

What are some of the characteristics of a Duplex Kidney?

A

Duplex Kidney: Results from abnormal division of the uteric bud.

X-ray: See two ureters

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11
Q

The adult position of the kidneys is achieved by what timeline?

Also, where do the fetal kidneys develop?

A

Adult Position: 9 weeks

Fetal Kidney: develops in the Pelvis

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12
Q

The ascent of the kidney is due to what?

A

Caudal growth in the fetus

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13
Q

What are some of the charaacteristics associated with Autosomal recessive Polycystic Kidney disease?

Also, what is the primary mutation in this disease?

A

1) Both kidneys contain many small cysts.
- Renal insufficiency
- 25% associated with pulmonary hypoplasia

2) Mutation of the PKHD1 gene

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14
Q

What is the ureter derived from?

A

Mesonephric and Metanephric Ducts

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15
Q

What is the bladder dervied from?

A

Hindgut endoderm

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16
Q

What is the Trigone dervied from?

A

Mesoderm

Specially, the fusion of the lower parts of the mesonephric ducts.

17
Q

What are the Vas Deferens derived from?

A

Persistence of the Mesonephric ducts in males

18
Q

What is the Allantois and some of its characteristics?

Also, what does it become?

A

Allantois: It is an overextension of the bladder (derived from the urogenital sinus)

It will go into the umbilical cord.

Becomes the Urachus (fibrous remnant), which then becomes the median umbilical ligament

19
Q

What seperates the Urogenital Sinus and the Anal Canal?

A

Urorectal septum

20
Q

What are the three regions of the Urogential Sinus?

A

1) Vesicle Part:
2) Pelvis Part:
3) Phallic Part

21
Q

What does the Vesicle part of the Urogenital Sinus produce?

A

The bladder

22
Q

What does the pelvic part of the Urogenital Sinus produce?

A

Females: Urethra

Male: Prostatic Urethra and Membranous Urethra

23
Q

What does the Phallic part of the Urogenital Sinus produce?

A

Females: Vaginal vestibule

Males: Spongy Urethra

24
Q

What does the Genital Tubercle give rise to?

A

Penis or Clitoris

25
Q

A urachal cyst is due to persistence of the what structure?

A

Allantois

26
Q

What are some characteristics associated with a patent Urachus?

A

Pee coming out of the belly button

27
Q

What are some characteristics of a Urachal sinus?

A

Deep valley at the belly button

28
Q

What are some characteristics of Exstrophy of the bladder?

Also, what is the embyrological mechanism for this?

A

1) Defective close of the ventral abdominal wall.
- exposure of the mucosa of the posterior wall of the bladder

2) Not enough Mesoderm migrating; improper folding of the lateral wall (4th week)

29
Q

What are some of the characteristics associated with Epispadias?

What is the embryological mechanism?

A

1) Two penises or opening on dorsal side

2) Improper location of the genital tubercle; occurring caudally to the clochal membrane

30
Q

What structure is the Medulla dervied from?

A

Neural Crest; Chromaffin system

31
Q

What structure is the Capsule of the suprarenal glands derived from?

A

Mesonephric mesoderm

32
Q

What is the cortex of the suprarenal gland derived from?

A

Coelomic Epithelium (Somatic mesoderm)

Renal I Midterm F'16 (5 decks)

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