Kidney- Anatomy Flashcards
The Renal Medulla contains what structures?
Medullary Pyramids & Renal Columns
What is the order from innermost to outermost of the layers of fat, of the kidney?
Innermost:
Perirenal Fat: Goes into the Renal Sinus
Renal fascia: seperates the Perirenal fat from the Pararenal fat
Pararenal Fat: Outermost
What is a Pelvic Kidney (Ectopic Kidney)?
It is when a kidney fails to ascend.
What is a Horseshoe Kidney?
It is the fusion of the lower poles of both of the kidneys. This may obstruct the urinary tract my its impingement on the ureters.
What are the three constriction points of the Ureter?
1) Renal pelvis tapering off into the ureter
2) Ureter passing over the pelvic brim
3) Just as the ureter is about to empty into the urinary bladder
For a Kidney transplant, the transplanted Kidney is placed where?
In the Iliac fossa. The Suprarenal gland is left in place.
What are the destinations, within the abdomen, of the following Thoracic Splanchnic nerves?
1) Greater Splanchnic N.
2) Lesser Splanchnic N.
3) Least Splanchnic N.
1) Great Splanchnic N. –> Celiac Ganglion
2) Lesser Splanchnic N. –> Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
3) Least Splanchnic N. –> Aortico renal ganglion
Where will the Anterior and Posterior vagal trunks end up?
They will end up in the Renal plexus, via, traveling along the Renal A.
The Uniferous Tubule is composed of what?
Nephron & Collecting (Duct) Tubule
The Macula Densa is located in what structure?
Distal Convoluted Tubule
How are the Vasa Recta formed?
They branch off of the effferent arteriole. Then, descend into the medulla and surround the collecting ducts and loops of Henle.
What is the function of the Mesangial Cells?
They can contract and regulate glomerular filtration by controlling blood flow through the capilllaries.
Also, they synthesize bone matrix and collagen.
& Respond to Angiotensin II
What are the two layers of the Capsule of Bowman?
Parietal Layer: Associated with the surrounding connective tissue.
Visceral Layer: Surrounds the Glomerular Capillaries.
What is the area between the two layers of the Capsule of Bowman called?
The urinary space
What is the histological characterization of the parietal layer of the Capsule of Bowman?
Squamous Epithelial Cells
It is continuous with the simple squamous epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule
Podocytes are derived from what?
Visceral layer of the Capsule of Bowman
What together makes up thee Glomerular Filtration System?
Fenestrated epithelium of the Glomerular capillaries, Podocytes, and Basement Membrane
What is present along the Apical side of the PCT to enhance reabsorbtion?
Microvillus; brush border
What is the main distinction between the PCT and DCT?
PCT: Has microvilli
DCT: Does not
What is a characteristic of the Thick Segment of the Nephron?
It has low simple cuboidal epithelium
What is a characteristic of the Thin Segments of the nephron?
Simple squamous epithelium
What is a characteristic of the Ascending Limb?
Impermeability to water
What is a characteristic of the Interstitial Cells?
Span between the loops of Henle and adjacent Vasa Recta
What is a major function of interstitial cells?
Production of EPO
What are the three components of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus?
1) Macula Densa
2) Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells
3) Juxtaglomerular Cells
What is the function/ characteristics of the Juxtaglomerular Cells?
1) Produces Renin
2) Modified smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole
What are some characteristics of the Collecting Tubules?
They have Principle Cells:
1) Containing a single Apical Non-motile Cilium
This acts as a Mechanoreceptor of fluid flow
2) Intercalated Cells: w/ Abdudnat Mitochondria and Microvilli
What is the funciton of the Vasa Recta?
Also, describe the histological characteristics related to their function.
Function: Drain the efferent arteriole near the medullary-cortical junction.
Descending: Arterial capillaries with continuous endothelial cells
Ascending: Venous Capillaries with fenestrated endothelial cells
What is a medullary ray?
Axis of the lobule; in which multiple nephrons of the same lobule drain into the collecting duct.
Vasa Recta form into Medullary rays
What is the route of blood flow through the veins of the kidney?
Peritubular Capillary Network –> Interlobular Vs. –> Arcuate Vs.–> Interlobar Vs.
The vasa recta are associated with what type of nephron?
Juxtaglomedullary nephron
Peritubular Capillary Network are associated with type of nephron?
Associated with a cortical nephron
The Urothelium is considered what type of epithelium?
How does this change with urine present in the bladder and not?
Urothelium: Transitional type of epithelium.
Bladder Full: Pseudostratified epithelium
Bladder Empty: Columnar like Epithelium
What is present on the apical side of the ureter to allow for large adjustments in surface area?
Apical Plaque
