Urogenital I

Question 1

typical age to castrate stallions

Answer 1

6m - 2y

Question 2

castration where there is an incision through the vaginal tunic, entire tunic is not removed and components of the cord are emasculated separately

Answer 2

open

Question 3

castration where the incision is not through the vaginal tunic, tunic and components of the cord are emasculated together, good for smaller cords

Answer 3

closed

Question 4

castration where the testicle is prolapsed through a smaller incision in the tunic, allows increase removal of the tunic

Answer 4

modified closed

Question 5

for castration, position that allows better hemostasis and drainage

Answer 5

recumbent

Question 6

number of incisions needed for castration in stallion

Answer 6

2

Question 7

typical closure for castration wound in stallions

Answer 7

left open

Question 8

method by which drainage is ensured after castration

Answer 8

stretch scrotum

Question 9

emasculator that crushes and cuts separately

Answer 9

reimer’s

Question 10

rule for ensuring emasculator crushes and cuts on the proper sides

Answer 10

nut to nut

Question 11

length of time emasculators should be left on before cutting

Answer 11

2 minutes

Question 12

with closed castration, before apply emasculators, ensure ______ is not within the tunic

Answer 12

intestine

Question 13

castration where cord is isolated within tunic first, then the testis is everted

Answer 13

modified closed

Question 14

peri-op instructions for castration

Answer 14

exercise after 24 hours stall rest

Question 15

most common complication after castration

Answer 15

edema (swelling)

Question 16

causes of edema after castration

Answer 16

inadequate exercise, premature incision closure (seroma), SQ tissue infection

Question 17

typical swelling peaks _____ days after castration

Answer 17

6-Mar

Question 18

complication of castration caused by closure of vaginal tunic, only a cosmetic issue

Answer 18

hydrocele

Question 19

escape of intestinal contents through the inguinal canal

Answer 19

eventration

Question 20

after replacing bowel if there is eventration, the _______ should be closed

Answer 20

superficial inguinal ring (if can’t be replaced put intestine in scrotum and bring to sx facility)

Question 21

damage to penile or urethral tissue can occur with castration of stallions with ________ testes

Answer 21

small, high flanker

Question 22

type of cryptorchidism that is sometimes d/t abnormally long lig of tail of epididymis (B)

Answer 22

partial abdominal

Question 23

type of cryptorchidism (A)

Answer 23

inguinal

Question 24

type of cryptorchidism (C)

Answer 24

abdominal

Question 25

to test for cryptorchidism take baseline T, give _____, test T 2 hours later

Answer 25

hCG

Question 26

w/ hCG given for T test, expect a _____% increase if animal is cryptorchid

Answer 26

200

Question 27

baseline testosterone ____ pg/ml = gelding

Question 28

baseline testosterone ____ pg/ml = testicular tissue

Answer 28

>100

Question 29

increased levels in horses with testicular tissue, 95% accurate in horses >3 years of age (false negs in donkeys)

Answer 29

estrone sulfate

Question 30

in incomplete cryptorchidism, the ______ can be palpated entering the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 30

ductus deferens

Question 31

used to help find the testicle during sx for cryptorchidism

Answer 31

lig of tail of edpididymis

Question 32

when castrating a cryptorchid stallion, remove the ________ testicle first

Answer 32

undescended

Question 33

most common sx approaches for cryptorchid castration

Answer 33

inguinal, modified parainguinal

Question 34

in non-invasive inguinal crypt castration, the _______ is identified and used to locate the ______ where an incision will be made and the testicle removed

Answer 34

gubernaculum- vaginal process

Question 35

invasive inguinal techniques for crypt castration cause longer lay-up and increased risk for ______ since a hole is created that can't be repaired

Answer 35

herniation

Question 36

crypt castration technique where closure is made through aponeurosis of ext abd oblique, stronger closure but accurate location is required to keep incision small

Answer 36

modified parainguinal

Question 37

peri-op care for crypt castration

Answer 37

2 week stall rest w/ handwalking (+/- abx/NSAIDs)

Question 38

animals w/ inguinal herniation are at a higher risk for _____ when castrated

Answer 38

eventration

Question 39

tx for congenital inguinal herniation

Answer 39

resolve spontaneously (3-6m), daily reduction

Question 40

layer of the inguinal canal that typically prevents intestines from herniating, gets smaller as foal ages

Answer 40

vaginal ring

Question 41

do horses get direct or indirect inguinal hernias?

Answer 41

indirect (herniation through vaginal ring, not rent in muscle)

Question 42

tx for acquired inguinal hernia in adults

Answer 42

sx (typically)

Question 43

inability to retract prolapsed penis

Answer 43

paraphimosis

Question 44

most common causes of acute paraphimosis

Answer 44

trauma, self-perpetuating

Question 45

tx for acute paraphimosis

Answer 45

support w/ sling (sx to keep reduced, penis amp, massage, etc.)

Question 46

indication for circumcision in the stallion

Answer 46

neoplasm