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Phase 2 TJ > urogenital > Flashcards

urogenital Flashcards

1
Q

What were the findings regarding hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia in bitches treated for dystocia? Zhu JAVMA 2024

A

Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia were rare = <5%

This finding was part of a study involving 243 cases from 2015 to 2020.

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2
Q

What percentage of bitches underwent c-section in the study on dystocia? Zhu JAVMA 2024

A

73% had c-section

The setting of surgery did not affect the outcome.

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3
Q

What was the mortality rate reported in the study on bitches treated for dystocia? Zhu JAVMA 2024

A

Mortality rate = 2%

This statistic reflects the outcomes of the 243 cases studied.

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4
Q

What advantage was observed in laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy compared to open ovariohysterectomy for dogs with pyometra? Bruckner, JAVMA 2023

A

Less rescue analgesia in laparoscopic group

However, the surgery time for laparoscopic cases was 50% longer.

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5
Q

What is the guideline for laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in relation to uterine diameter? Adamovich 2013

A

Uterine diameter <2 cm (small breed) or <4 cm (large breed)

This guideline was established by Adamovich in 2013.

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6
Q

What surgical approach offers good exposure for resection of large vaginal masses in cats? Forster, JAVMA 2023.

A

Bilateral pubic and ischial osteotomy

This approach was noted to have minimal postoperative complications.

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7
Q

What was the incidence of stump pyometra in canine laparoscopic-assisted ovary-sparing hysterectomy? Owen, JAVMA 2023

A

Stump pyometra = 0%

This indicates a low risk associated with this surgical method.

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8
Q

What complications were associated with performing an ovariohysterectomy at the time of c-section? Guest, JAVMA 2023

A

No significant increase in risk of mortality, intraoperative complications, or decreased mothering ability

However, c-section plus OVH bitches were reported to be more painful.

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9
Q

What hematologic changes were noted in dogs with pyometra according to a systematic review? Demeli, JSAP 2023.

A

Increased blood markers: WBCs, monocytes, BUN, ALP/ALT

Decreased blood markers: RBCs, Hb, Alb.

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10
Q

What relationship was found between gonadal hormone exposure and health outcomes in dogs? Zink, JAVMA 2023

A

Longer exposure to gonadal hormones was associated with decreased odds of general health problems and both problematic and nuisance behaviors

Gonadectomized dogs had increased odds of orthopedic disease.

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11
Q

What were the neonatal and maternal survival rates in a retrospective evaluation of feline dystocia? * Bailin, JFMS 2022.

A

Neonatal survival = 66% / maternal survival = 94%

Maternal factors contributed to 69% of dystocia cases.

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12
Q

What association was found between qSOFA scores and outcomes in dogs with pyometra? * Donati, JVECC 2022

A

Increased qSOFA >2 was associated with longer hospitalization and mortality (odds increased 6.5x)

This was based on a study of 52 cases.

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13
Q

What were the neonatal survival rates for elective versus emergency c-sections? * Adams, Vet surg 2022

A

Elective = 99% vs emergency = 87%

Elective c-sections should be considered in bitches at high risk for dystocia.

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14
Q

What is the prevalence of recessed vulvas in dogs and its associations? * Palerme, JAVMA 2021

A

Recessed vulva = 14%

Associated with increased body weight/BCS; spayed dogs <1yr are 3x as likely to have a recessed vulva.

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15
Q

What was the resolution rate for surgical treatment of sterile prostatic cysts in dogs? * Magno, VS 2021

A

Resolution = 89%

Most frequent complication was urinary incontinence.

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16
Q

What types of conditions indicate partial penile amputation in dogs? * Ritson, JSAP 2023

A

Indications: neoplasia (MCT&raquo_space; SCC), paraphimosis, urethritis

This was based on a study of 10 cases.

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17
Q

What surgical technique may help prevent stricture or leakage after penile urethral resection? * Bertran, VS 2021.

A

Penile urethral augmentation anastomosis with regional tissue tension relieving technique

This was studied in a cadaveric mechanical study and clinical outcomes.

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18
Q

What is the complication rate associated with unilateral nephrectomy in dogs? * johnson, JAVMA 2024.

A

~45%

Complications include intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative LUT signs, with a 10% mortality rate.

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19
Q

What percentage of dogs develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) long term after unilateral nephrectomy? * johnson, JAVMA 2024.

A

45%

CKD can significantly affect the long-term health of dogs post-surgery.

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20
Q

What is the median survival time (MST) for cats with metastatic calcification compared to those without? * Friday, VS 2023.

A

147 days (5 months) vs 646 days (1.8 years)

Metastatic calcification is a negative prognostic indicator.

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21
Q

How does age affect survival in feline renal allograft transplantation? * Aronson, JAVMA 2022.

A

Risk of death increases by 11% for each year of age

Age is the only significant variable associated with survival.

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22
Q

What is the incidence of retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) as a postoperative complication following renal transplantation in cats? * Byer, JFMS 2022

A

7%

Suboptimal immunosuppression may contribute to the incidence of RPF.

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23
Q

What alternative to hand suturing is suggested for feline renal transplantation? Mickelson, VS 2021

A

Microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC)

The MAC may improve surgical outcomes for end-to-side anastomoses.

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24
Q

What were the findings regarding transperitoneal laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy in dogs? * Hart, VS 2021.

A

No major perioperative complications; all dogs survived to discharge

Careful case selection is required for laparoscopic surgery.

25
Q

True or False: CT accurately predicts the anatomy of ureters in diagnosing canine ectopic ureters. * Song, VS 2024

A

False

CT findings may require confirmation by cystoscopy.

26
Q

What is the median survival time (MST) for cats with malignant urinary outflow tract obstructions treated with subcutaneous ureteral bypass?

A

52-80 days (2-3mo)

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in cats is locally aggressive.

27
Q

What was the result of evaluating two nephrocystostomy techniques for ureteral bypass in cats? * hardie 2024

A

Bladder cuff NCT was feasible and remained patent for 90 days

Complete ureteral bypass was possible using only native tissues.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: The use of unidirectional barbed suture in canine vesicourethral anastomosis does not affect the acute leakage pressure but results in _______. * Monnet, Vet surg 2023

A

shorter surgical time and fewer suture bites

This suggests a potential advantage in surgical efficiency.

29
Q

What are the outcomes of laparoscopic stapled partial cystectomy in canine cadavers? * Reyes, vet surg 2023.

A

Minimally leakage observed after sealing the urinary bladder

This technique shows promise for future surgical applications.

30
Q

What was the complication rate for urethropexy compared to resection and anastomosis in surgical treatment of canine urethral prolapse? * Healy, JSAP 2023.

A

Urethropexy = 43%, R&A = 67%

Both procedures have significant complication rates.

31
Q

What is the survival rate for cats with urethral rupture compared to those without after urethral obstruction? * Manchester, JAVMA 2024.

A

66% vs 98%

Previous urethral obstruction and difficult catheterization are associated with lower survival rates.

32
Q

What is the recommended treatment for intramural ectopic ureters based on laser ablation outcomes? * Dekerle, VS 2022

A

Laser ablation should be preferred

It is associated with fewer complications and incontinence recurrences.

33
Q

What are the long-term complications associated with ureteroneocystostomy in cats? * Lorange, VS 2020.

A

Hematuria, pollakiuria, UTIs

Complications were more common in the double pigtail group.

34
Q

What is the incidence of migration for subcutaneous ureteral bypass devices in cats? * Veran, JVIM 2022.

A

1.3%

Migration should be considered in cases of obstruction.

35
Q

What was the outcome of using cystoscopy in treating benign macroscopic hematuria in dogs? * Himelman, JAVMA 2019.

A

Cystourethroscopy should be part of the diagnostic plan

It can help identify the source of bleeding.

36
Q

What is the difference in urethral length between transpelvic and subpubic PU? * David, JFMS 2023

A

Transpelvic is 1.5x longer than subpubic PU, with a 56% decrease in urethral length.

37
Q

What were the complications percentages for urethropexy and resection and anastomosis in the treatment of canine urethral prolapse? * Healy, JSAP 2023.

A
  • Urethropexy: 43%
  • Resection and anastomosis: 67%
  • Combined surgery: 50%
38
Q

What is the recurrence rate of urethral prolapse after urethropexy compared to resection and anastomosis? * Healy, JSAP 2023.

A
  • Urethropexy: 39%
  • Resection and anastomosis: 11%
39
Q

What is the long-term continence percentage in male dogs with artificial urethral sphincters? * Bohlen, JSAP 2022.

A

60%

40
Q

What was the complication rate in the study of artificial urethral sphincters in male dogs? * Bohlen, JSAP 2022.

A

56%

41
Q

True or False: Vesicourethral anastomosis can be performed with intracorporeal suturing. * Hafez, VS 2022.

A

True

42
Q

What are the revision surgery rates following modified prepubic urethrostomy in male cats? * Bresciani, VS 2022.

A
  • Revision surgery: 25%
  • Well tolerated and easy to perform
43
Q

What were the short-term and long-term complication rates after transpelvic urethrostomy in male cats? * Dumartinet, JFMS 2022.

A
  • Short-term complications: 18%
  • Long-term complications: 34%
44
Q

What is the mortality rate associated with transpelvic urethrostomy in male cats? * Dumartinet, JFMS 2022.

A

5%

45
Q

What is the outcome of preputial urethrostomy in dogs? * Giansetto, VS 2021.

A

Functional urethral stoma was obtained in all dogs.

46
Q

What was the incidence of postoperative urinary stricture/obstruction following perineal urethrostomy in male cats? * Segal, JSAP 2020.

A

20%

47
Q

What is the recommended catheter size to assess urethrostomy size? obstruction was more likely with intraop urethral catheter size XX?* Segal, JSAP 2020.

A

8-10 Fr

Urinary obstruction and urethral size: urethra <8F = 44% vs urethra >8Fr = 6%

48
Q

What was the improvement and recurrence rate following balloon dilation for urethral obstruction due to urothelial carcinoma in dogs? * Kim, JAVMA 2019.

A
  • Improvement: 75%
  • Recurrence: 41%
49
Q

What were the short- and long-term complication rates for any urethrostomy in cats? (PU, TPU, PPU)* Seneviratne, JFMS 2021.

A
  • Short-term complications: 60%
  • Long-term complications: 37%
50
Q

What is the mortality rate reported for perineal urethrostomy? * Seneviratne, JFMS 2021.

A

6-13%

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The most common surgical indication for PU in cats is _______. * Seneviratne, JFMS 2021.

A

[FIC]

52
Q

What is the significance of urethral orifice size in relation to urinary obstruction? * Segal, JSAP 2020.

A

Urethral orifice size ~6Fr is associated with 100% of cases of obstruction.

53
Q

What was the conclusion regarding patient position during perineal urethrostomy? * Nye, JAVMA 2020.

A

Patient position was not associated with durations of surgery and anesthesia for PU or outcome.

54
Q
  • Mathews, JVIM 2023. Idiopathic functional urinary outflow tract obstruction in dogs, a retrospective case series (2010-2021): 31 cases

% w neuro dz? how did it relate to outcome?
resolution rate?

A

o Neuro dz = 26%  outcomes not diff bw presence/absence of neuro dz

o Complete resolution = 39%

55
Q
  • Wormser, JAVMA 2016. Outcomes of ureteral surgery and ureteral stenting in cats: 117 cases (2006–2014)

mortality rate for stent vs no stent? recurrent obstruction rate??

A

o Mortality rates: stent = 9% vs no stent = 8%
o Recurrent obstruction = 22%  no diff bw stent or no stent

56
Q
  • Grimes, JAVMA 2018. Outcomes in dogs with uroabdomen: 43 cases (2006–2015)

survival to discharge? mortality rate?
was Cr associated with death?

A

o survival to discharge = 79%  mortality rate = 21%

intake cr not assoc w/ survival

57
Q
  • Lorange, VS 2020. Postoperative outcomes of 12 cats with ureteral obstruction treated with ureteroneocystostomy

conclusion regarding stent placement?

A

placement of DPT did not influence long‐term outcome

58
Q
  • Hoey, VS 2021. Long‐term outcome of female dogs treated for intramural ectopic ureters with cystoscopic‐guided laser ablation

effect of neutering?

A

o Post‐CLA neutering did not negatively impact urinary continence score

59
Q

What was the finding regarding surgical time and duration of general anesthesia between the two surgical methods? Job JVIM 2022

A

No difference in surgical time or duration of GA

GA refers to general anesthesia

Phase 2 TJ (6 decks)

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