Urogenital

Question 1

Place
Hormones for Ovarian Remnant Syndrome
JAVMA 2019

Answer 1

Combined
~Anti-Mullerian hormone
~Progesterone

Question 2

Ogilvie
Silver coated Urinary catheter
JAVMA 2018

Answer 2

Factors associated with bacteriuria
~Older age
~Longer duration of catheterization

Question 3

Berent
SUB
JAVMA 2018

Answer 3

Post-op complications
~Device occlusion with a blood clot 8%
~Device leakage 4%
~kinking of the tubing 5%

Survival to discharge 94%

Catheter mineralization 24%

Question 4

Corriveau
Lap OVE & Lap OHE in dogs
JAVMA 2017

Answer 4

SSI 1%

Urinary Incontinence
~OVE 6%
~OHE 15%

Question 5

Deroy
Pigtail and SUB
JAVMA 2017

Answer 5

Mortality
~Stent 18%
~SUB 13%

Device occlusion
~Stent 26%
~SUB 4%

Repeat Procedures
~Stent 44%
~SUB 9%

MST
~Stent 14m
~SUB not reached

Median durations of surgery and hospitalization were significantly longer in the stent versus UB group.

Stent placement associated with a greater risk of lower urinary tract–related signs

~hematuria 52%

~pollakiuria or stranguria 48%

Question 6

Culp
Stent vs. Ureterotomy
JAVMA 2016

Answer 6

Ureter stents decreased azotemia
@ 1 D PO
@ discharge

Six cats in the ureteral stent group developed abdominal effusion after surgery

~cats in this group were significantly more likely to develop abdominal effusion when a ureterotomy was performed

~Cats that developed abdominal effusion after surgery were significantly less likely to survive to hospital discharge

Question 7

Kulendra
Complications with SUBs
JSAP 2021

Answer 7

10% in hospital mortaility

Survival associated with creatinine 440 μmol/L
~above survived 530 d
~below survival 949 d

Major complications occurred 48%

Question 8

Plater
Tx of ureter injury with OHE
JSAP 2020

Answer 8

Outcomes in operated patients
Excellent 68%
Good 5%
Fair 5%
Poor 22%

44% major complications requiring additional surgery

Question 9

Segal
Urethral orifice in PU
JSAP 2020

Answer 9

Stricture 20% cats

Associated with 8F
< 44%
> 6%

Question 10

Charlesworth
Lap vs Open OVE
JSAP 2019

Answer 10

Complications
~Open 44%
~Lap 20%

Question 11

Florey

Cystine Uroliths and Neuter Status

JSAP 2017

Answer 11

Intact dogs odd ratio 4.5 x

Question 12

Kopecny

Uroliths in Dogs

JVIM 2021

Answer 12

47% CaOx decreased 50 to 42%

44% Struvites no change

3% Cystine increased 1 to 9%

~70% intact males

Question 13

Kopecny

Uroliths in Cats

JVIM 2021

Answer 13

CaOx Decrease 50 to 38%

Struvites Increased 42 to 55%

Urates 3rd most common 9%

Question 14

Shivley

Sharp Transection of Suspensory Ligament

VetSurg 2019

Answer 14

Sx time 1.1 min faster for sharp

1 kg increased Sx time by 0.1 min

Heart rate increase from baseline 7.4 bpm lower in sharp dissection

Question 15

Pelvic blood supply from Internal iliac a

Answer 15

Internal iliac a.

• umbilical a.
• Caudal gluteal a.
• Internal pudendal a.

~vaginal

~Middle Rectal

~Caudal Vesicular

~urethral

Question 16

Incidence of Pyometra in intact female dogs by 10 y

Answer 16

24%

Question 17

Results of Sertoli Cell Tumor

Answer 17

Increased Testicle size

Gynecomasta

Question 18

Glands of the Penis

Answer 18

Bulbospongiousus

Corpus Spongiosum penis

Corpus cavernosum penis

Bulbus glandis

Pars Longus glandis

Question 19

Locations of openings associated with hypospadias

Answer 19

Anal

Perianal

Scrotal

Penile

Glandular

Question 20

Types of Testicular neoplasias

Answer 20

Interstitial cell (Leydig) tumors

Sertoli cell tumors

• feminization syndrome
• myelotoxicosis: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

Seminomas

Question 21

Bladder innervation

Answer 21

Parasympathetic

-Pelvic n

~Detrusor m. contraction

Sympathetic

-Hypogastric n.

~Detrusor m. Relax Beta

~Urethral m. Contract Alpha

Somatic

-Pudendal n.

~Urethral m. contract