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ACVS Phase II 2022 > Upper Airway > Flashcards

Upper Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Riggs
Exercise testing and grading BAOS
VetSurg 2019

A

Sensitivity for BOAS
~57% pre
~70% 5 min walk
~93% 3 min trot

Laryngeal stridor with Laryngeal collapse
~60% before
~70% after

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2
Q

Fenner
PO regurgitation after BOAS
VetSurg 2020

A

PO regurg
~hx of regurg
~age inversly (1y = 29% decrease)

Regurgitated while hospitalized
~Preoperatively 11%
~24 hours postoperatively 35%

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3
Q

Franklin
Nebulization with Epi in BOAS
VetSurg 2021

A

Decreased BOAS index
~B/f Sx in 10%
~After Sx 14%

Reduction PO more in BOAS 17%
~Pugs 17%
~Frenchies 5%

Nausea was noted as a side effect in four dogs.

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4
Q

Kaye
BOAS and GI signs
JSAP 2018

A

GI sign prevalence 56%
~Frenchies 93%
~English Bulldogs 58%
~Pugs 16%

Improvement in these clinical signs following corrective surgery *Frenchies

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5
Q

Hughes
Complications following Sacculectomy
JSAP 2018

A

PO complications more likely with Sacculectomy

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6
Q

Darcy
Aspiration pneumonia in BOAS
JAVMA 2018

A

Increase in age risk factor for nonsurvival

Associated with nonsurvival
~increased age
~male sex
~obtundation
~hypoalbuminemia
~azotemia
~high liver enzyme activities

Relative risk of the disease in the population of interest was 3.77 times that for all other breeds.

Median age at disease onset
~Pugs (83 months)
~French Bulldogs (8 months)
~Bulldogs (6 months)

History of GI signs 66%

Neurologic disease
Pugs>Frenchies & Bulldogs

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7
Q

Gruenheid
Anesthesia-related complications in BOAS
JAVMA 2018

A

Perianesthetic complications 49%
~brachycephalic 50%
~nonbrachycephalic 48%

Postanesthetic complications 9%
~brachycephalic 4%
~nonbrachycephalic 4%

Increase Perianesthetic
~BOAS
~Longer anesthesia

Decrease Perianesthetic
~increased BW
~Ortho/Rads vs. Soft tissue

Increased PO
~BOAS
~>ASA score
~Ket/Val
~Invasive vs. non-invasive
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8
Q

Worth
Temporary trach placement in BOAS
JAVMA 2018

A

Odds for placement increase by 30% per 1 year

Associated with placement
~PO administration of steroids
~Presence of pneumonia

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9
Q

Pfeil
Congenital LarPar in Huskies
JAVMA 2018

A

Clinical onset 6.4m

Sx 32% - all improved

Autosomal recessive neuropathy
Associated with
~Blue eyes
~White facial markings
~Oral mucosal tags
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10
Q

Grimes
Revisions in Permanent trach
JAVMA 2019

A

Complications 61%
~aspiration pneumonia 19%
~skin fold occlusion 19%
~stoma stenosis 17%

Revision 35%
~increased with BOAS

MST 1,825d
Decreased with
~Steroids
~Tracheal collapse
~older
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11
Q

Dolye
Anesthesia after BOAS corrective Sx
JAVMA 2020

A

Decreased complications in subsequent anesthesia 79%

Intra-anesthesia bradycardia
~increased PO complications 4.56x

Every 15 min of anesthesia increase
~postanesthesia complications by 12%
~intra-anesthetic complications by 11%

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12
Q

Costa
PO Regurg in BOAS
JAVMA 2020

A

Regurgitation
~w/o 35%
~w/ 9%

Hx of Regruag associated with PO regurgitation

Protocol
~metoclopramide
~famotidine
~restrict opioids
~recovery in ICU
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13
Q

Tarvin
GER with Lar Par
VetSurg 2016

A

LP had increased acidic refluxes

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14
Q

Tarricone
BRISK score for BOAS
VetSurg 2019

A

> 3 are 9.1x more likely to have a negative outcome

Soring
~Breed
~Hx of airway Sx
~Procedure Planned
~BCS
~Level of compromise at admission
~rectal temp at admission
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15
Q

Mullins
Epiglottic retroversion
VetSurg 2019

A 
Post-op complications 49%
~Subtotal epiglottectomy 17%
~Partial epiglottectomy 50%
~Incisional epiglottopexy 54%
~Non-Inc epiglottopexy 58%
~other 67%

Epiglottopexy > epiglottectomy

MST not reached

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16
Q

Peralta
Congenital Palate defects
JAVMA 2018

A

Success 85%

Oronasal fistula 50%
~hard palate
~more common >8m

Fistula at junction of hard and soft palate
~>8m
~hx of failed repair

Unsuccessful <1kg

17
Q

Ligaments that attach cartilage of the nose to the bone

A
  • Dorsal nasal ligament

- Lateral nasal ligament

18
Q

The cartilage of the nose

A
  • Dorsal lateral nasal cartilage
  • Septum
  • Accessory
  • Ventral lateral nasal cartilage
19
Q

Branches of the Maxillary a.

A

-Minor palatine: behind teeth

-Descending Palatine
~Major palatine: medial to carnasial
~Sphenopalatine

-Infraorbital
~dorsal nasal
~lateral nasal

20
Q

Extrinsic muscles of larynx

A

Thyropharyngeus

Cricopharyngeus

21
Q

Intrinsic muscles of layrnx

A 
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
Cricoarytenoideus lateralis
Thyroarytenoideus
-ventricularis
-vocalis
Arytenoideus transversus
22
Q

Grades of Tracheal Collapse

A

I: Laxity of dorsal tracheal membrane 25% collapse
II: Loss of cartilage rigidity 50% collapse
III: Flattening cartilage 75% collapse
IV: 100% collapse

23
Q

Limitations of Tracheal R&A

A

Adults: 50-58%

Puppies: 20-25%

ACVS Phase II 2022 (43 decks)

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