URLs, IP Addresses and DNS Flashcards
A sequence of characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource.
URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
This identifies a resource either by location or name.
URI
Identify a resource using a name which has to be unique across a namespace.
URN
The most common way of identifying resources on the web.
URL
Identifying a resource using its location.
URL
The web identifies resources by _____.
Location
This may refer to more than 1 resource over time.
URLs
At minimum, URLs need a _________ and ___________.
Protocol and Domain Name
this declares how the browser should communicate with the server.
Protocol
The name of the website.
Domain Name
Domain name can be further broken down into __________ and ___________.
Subdomains and top-level domain
Usually designate a specific are of your site.
Subdomain
Refers to a file, resource, or directory in the server.
Path
Commonly found in the URL of a dynamic web pages.
Query
Preceded by ? symbol.
Query
This make up the query string.
Parameter
Are key-value pairs separated by & symbol.
Parameter
An optional part of URLs preceded by a :
Port
A type of software connection point that usually denotes a specific type of process or service.
Port
Port 21
File Transfer
Port 25
Simple Mail Transfer
Port 80
HTTP
Port 443
HTTPS
_____ stick to their conventional ports.
Services.
It’s common practice to avoid ports of __________________ if you are deploying your own apps.
well-known apps.
An internal reference to part of a page that is sometimes called “named anchor”.
Fragment
Marked by # symbol
Fragment
This provides an unreliable, connectionless delivery system used by machines in a network to communicate.
IP
Responsible for addressing within a network, encapsulating data into datagrams, and routing datagrams from source to destination.
IP
Provides a reliable, connection-oriented communication system.
TCP
2 major version of IP in use.
IPv4
IPv6
Numerical addresses assigned to machines in a network that must be unique within a particular namespace.
IP addresses.
True or False: In the global list of public IP addresses, there are can be two machines which are assigned the same public IP addresses.
False
True or False: In smaller scopes, the IP address is unique within the scope but may share an IP address with a machine in a different scope.
True
IPv4 addresses are composed of _______.
4 8-bit numbers.
IPv4 addresses have a total of _______ combinations that ran out in ______.
4.3 billion, 2011
IPv6 addresses are composed of _________________.
8 4-digit hexadecimal numbers.
IPv6 have _____ combinations.
~3.4 x 10^38
When we are viewing a webpage, we are requesting resources from ___________.
A particular IP address.
The hierarchical naming system for resources on the Web.
Domain Name System.
The process of retrieving the IP address associated with a domain name.
Domain Name Resolution.
Keeps DNS records.
DNS Server
Maps of domain to IP addresses.
DNS Records.
A program that is a component of a browser, OS, or other network programs.
DNS Client.
It connects to DNS Servers to request records using the DNS protocol.
DNS Client
Store the master copies of the DNS records.
Authoritative DNS Servers.
Cache commonly requested records. If they don’t have it, they make requests to other DNS Servers.
Recursive DNS Servers.
Where to add domain name and associated IP address.
DNS registry.
A nonprofit organization for coordination and maintenance of databases related to Internet namespaces.
ICANN (Internet corporation for assigned names and numbers)
A department under ICANN that coordinates the DNS Root, IP addressing, and other IP resources.
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
2 types of top level domains.
Generic TLD
Country Code TLD
Last segment of a domain name and are usually descriptive of the site.
Top Level Domain
Anyone can register most __________ with little restriction. They are the most common of the TLDs.
Generic TLD
TLDs restricted to a country or any dependent territory identified with a country code.
Country Code TLD
