HTML Flashcards
The markup language used for web documents.
HTML
Used for annotating documents.
Markup languages.
To ________, global hypertext links seemed feasible, but it was a matter of finding the correct approach to implementing them.
Tim Berners-Lee
Versions of HTML for its first 5 years.
HTML 2 and HTML 3.2
HTML4 spec was published in what year?
1997
The version thats been around the longest.
HTML4 (1997-2015)
HTML4 introduced these attributes that are important in web page creation today.
span, iframe, class, id
HTML4 also _____ a lot of elements from the previous versions of HTML.
deprecated
An XML-based specification of HTML. It added XML strictness to HTML.
XHTML
These characteristics are implemented in XHTML.
- Tags must be closed.
- Tags must be lowercase.
- Singletons must be closed with a trailing slash.
- Has additional required metadata.
XHTML placed greater emphasis on ________________.
Separating data from presentation.
XHTML requires XML parsers. Being stricter about syntax improved ________________.
Rendering performance.
HTML5 spec was completed on?
October 2014, published by W3C
Date of release of HTML5.1 and HTML 5.2
November 2016 and December 2017
WHATWG
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)
What does WHATWG do?
It follows a living standard for HTML. It is an organization made up of web developers from different companies/
Being the latest version of HTML, HTML 5 came with new ______, _______, _______, as well a set of _______ used to build web applications.
Elements, attributes, behaviors, technologies.
HTML5 characteristic that allows us to better describe our content with new semantic tags/
Greater emphasis on semantics.
HTML5 characteristic that provided new ways of client-server communication.
Connectivity Options
HTML5 characteristic allowed detection of internet connection status, storing data client-side and improving offline performance.
Offline Performance and storage options.
HTML5 characteristic that made video and audio native - no longer requires plugins.
Multimedia
HTML5 characteristic that gave us more choices for 2D/3D rendering.
2D/3D Graphics options.
HTML5 characteristic that allows the use of various input/output devices.
Device Access.
HTML5 characteristic that improved css options and gave new animations, layouts possible with CSS/
Styling
HTML5 characteristic that optimized hardware usage, fetched page asynchronously, new APIs for browser history, fullscreen, pointer locking, and online and offline events.
Performance and Integration.
HTML5 provides features that you can utilize on your website, as long as clients view it in an ________________.
HTML5 compliant browser.
Part of the head in HTML structure that appears in the tab bar and used for bookmarks.
title
Part of the head in HTML structure that is responsible for metadata, page description, keywords, author, viewport details, character set, etc.
meta
Bounded by angled braces.
Tags
Name-value pairs within tags.
Attribute
Custom attributes can be used by prefixing with _____.
data-
Made up of the opening and closing tag. And all content in between.
Element
Character ______ are used to replace reserved characters and symbols in HTML.
Entity
Defines the structure and set of elements and attributes that can be used by the HTML document.
Document type definition.
A programming interface for HTML, XML, and SVG documents.
Document Object Model (DOM)
The DOM allows programs/scripts to dynamically _______ and _________ the __________, ____________, and _________, of HTML/XML/SVG document.s
Access, update, content, structure, and style.
The DOM provides a _______________ of the document in memory.
Tree-structured representation
Used to manage events in the HTML page/document.
Event Handlers
These elements don’t tell you anything about the content.
Non semantic elements. <div>, <span></span>
Relating to meaning
Semantic
“… the Semantic Web approach instead develops languages for expressing information in a ________ _________ form.
Machine processable.
Introduce meaning to parts of the page, rather than presentation.
Semantic Elements.
tag for the main content of the page
<main>
</main>
tag for content that is tangentially related to the content around the aside element.
<aside>
</aside>
tag that represent an independent section of content, that can be copied elsewhere without additional context.
<article>
</article>
this tag represents a generic section of a document or application. For thematic grouping of content.
<section>
</section>
this tag represents a section of navigational links. appropriate for major navigational blocks.
<nav>
</nav>
this tag represent a group of introductory or navigation aids. These can be links, text, or other elements.
<header>
</header>
this is used for describing 2D graphics using XML. Objects are registered into the DOM.
<svg>
</svg>
this tag is used for drawing 2D objects on the fly using JavaScript. The drawn objects aren’t stored in the DOM/
<canvas>
</canvas>
this tag defines a set of sound content.
<audio>
</audio>
this tag defines source files for video and audio elements.
<source></source>
this tag defines a set of video content
<video>
</video>
this tag defines text tracks for video and audio elements.
<track></track>
this tag is a container for external apps.
<embed></embed>
