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HTTP (overview and message formats) Flashcards

1
Q

Network protocols are _______ that define how entities in a network communicate with each other.

A

Rules

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2
Q

Network protocols cover how to? (3 items)

A
  1. Identify and establish communication with the other party.
  2. Transmit and receive data.
  3. Message formats
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3
Q

HTTP is a _______ _________ that runs on top of TCP and IP. It governs communication over the Web.

A

network protocol.

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4
Q

HTTP is used to request and send resources such as: (5)

A
  1. HTML Pages
  2. Style sheets
  3. Scripts
  4. Images
  5. Fonts
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5
Q

Who designed HTTP?

A

Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau

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6
Q

Latest Version of HTTP?

A

HTTP/2.0 (finalized in 2015)

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6
Q

Most used version of HTTP

A

HTTP/1.1 (finalized in 1997)

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6
Q

Characteristics of HTTP

A
  1. Client Server
  2. Request Response
  3. Stateless
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6
Q

Requests are either sent to a server either by:

A
  1. another server
  2. or client programs called user-agents
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6
Q

Programs that make HHTP requests for human users.

A

User-Agents

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7
Q

Beside web browsers, user agents can also be:

A
  1. Mobile apps
  2. Desktop apps
  3. Machine-automated user-agents (robots/crawlers)
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7
Q

The most common user-agent

A

Web-browser

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7
Q

Request messages are sent to a ___________ which handles it, then sends back a response.

A

Web server.

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8
Q

HTTP communication is done through exchanges of ___________ and ________________.

A

request and response messages.

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9
Q

It’s usually not a direct connection between user-agent and web server. Sometimes, there are ___________ acting between the client and the server.

A

Proxy

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10
Q

Characteristic of HTTP that makes the client and server are only aware of each other during the current request-response exchange.

A

Stateless

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11
Q

An HTTP transaction is the ____________ of request and response.

A

1:1 exchange

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12
Q
  1. Browser extracts server’s ___________ from the url.
A

hostname

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13
Q
  1. Browser resolves the ___________ via Domain Name Resolution.
A

IP address.

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14
Q
  1. Browser extracts the __________ from the URL.
A

port

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15
Q
  1. Browser establishes a _______________ with the server.
A

TCP connection

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16
Q
  1. Browser sends an ___________________ to the server.
A

HTTP Request

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17
Q
  1. Browser receives a _________ from the server.
A

response

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18
Q
  1. TCP connection may or may not be ________ (depends on HTTP version).
19
Q

What does the browser do with the response from the server?

A

The browser parses the returned HTML doc, fetching additional resources as needed.

20
Q

A server may have to send requests to ______________ in order to fulfill a request sent to it.

A

Other servers

21
Q

Web servers that act as intermediaries between client and server.

22
Q

Two main types of Proxy

A

Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy

23
Q

Proxies used to pass messages from one part of the Internet to another.

A

Forward Proxies

24
Q

Proxies used as an entrance to private networks.

A

Reverse Proxy

25
Q

Proxies usually placed at the ‘edge’ of a local network to direct internal traffic to the public internet.

A

Forward Proxies

26
Q

Normally used for regulation of access from the public internet to a private network.

A

Reverse Proxy

27
Q

Proxy can also be described as: (2)

A

Transparent and Non Transparent.

28
Q

Proxies that does not modify passing requests.

A

Transparent

29
Q

Proxies that modifies passing requests.

A

Non-transparent

30
Q

Proxies perform functions such as: (5)

A

Caching, filtering, load balancing, authentication, logging.

31
Q

Reduces load on the actual server

32
Q

__________ cache data that maybe commonly requested by clients.

A

Caching servers.

33
Q

Request can be filtered to block or prioritize certain requests.

34
Q

A single font-facing server accepts all requests and distributes them across different servers based on factors such as server load, proximity to client, etc.

A

Load Balancing

35
Q

Proxies that only pass messages if they contain appropriate authentication details.

A

Authentication Proxies.

36
Q

These proxies maintain a log of the messages that it passes along.

37
Q

Proxies usually have to act as both _________ and _________.

A

server and client

38
Q

A proxy is also a ______ when it makes a request on behalf of a browser/user-agent.

39
Q

A web server is also a ______ when it requests data from another web server.

40
Q

2 types of HTTP Messages.

A

Request or Response.

41
Q

Parts of a request message: (3)

A
  1. Request line (method, path, protocol version)
  2. Headers
  3. Body (optional)
42
Q

Defines the operation that the client wants to perform

43
Q

HTTP method that is used if a client wants to fetch a resource.

44
Q

HTTP method is used if a client wants to send data.

45
Q

Indicates the version of the HTTP to be used for the transaction.

A

Protocol Version

46
Q

Part of HTTP message that convey additional information about the sender or the message payload.

47
Q

Part of HTTP message that is the actual payload of the message.

48
Q

Messages may or may not be required to have a body based on the _________ used.

49
Q

Parts of a response message: (3)

A
  1. Status Line (protocol version, status code, Reason Phrase)
  2. Headers
  3. Body
50
Q

A number that indicates if the request was successful or not, and why.

A

Status code

51
Q

There is a list of valid status codes defined by the W3C.

A

Status code

52
Q

A short English description of the status code. Also called status message.

A

Reason Phrase

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