Urine production Flashcards
Types of Mechanic of a countercurrent mechanisms?
Countercurrent Mechanism
Countercurrent Multiplier
Countercurrent Exchange
Countercurrent Mechanism;
The descending and ascending loops of Henle run in opposite direction in order to increase efficiency in exchange
Countercurrent Multiplier;
Mechanics of a countercurrent mechanism
Fluids in the beginning of the primary convoluted tubule are osmotically equal to that of blood plasma
-Have equal amounts of “stuff” in them
Descending loop of Henle is permeable to water and impermeable to solutes
The ascending loop of Henle is selectively permeable to solutes and impermeable to water
Collecting ducts are permeable to urea
-The distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts are also permeable to water when ADH is present
As you move deeper into the medulla (loop of Henle), the concentration gradient (renal gradient) increases
Countercurrent Exchange;
Mechanics of a countercurrent mechanism
The vasa recta are freely permeable to water and sodium
-Sodium moves into the bloodstream, and water follows
Explain how we can alter the concentration of our urine
One mechanism to change the concentration of urine is ADH secretion
Low ADH produces a dilute urine
ADH production increases water reabsorption from collecting ducts
- ADH opens aquaporins
- -Open aquaporins allow water out of the kidney tubule into the interstitial space
- —Water moves from the interstitial space into the bloodstream
Anatomical composition of the urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a muscular storage sack
As fluid initially accumulates in the bladder, the rugae flatten
As fluid continues to accumulate, the bladder stretches
Trigone
Two urethral sphincters
The urinary bladder is a muscular storage sack; anatomical composition of the urinary bladder.
Like what?
What does it contain?
Like the stomach, it is small when empty
Contains rugae that work like the stomach
-Flatten to increase volume without increasing the stretch of the bladder
As fluid initially accumulates in the bladder, the rugae flatten;
anatomical composition of the urinary bladder.
What type of tissue? shape change?
The transitional epithelial cells goes from dome-shaped to flat-shaped
As fluid continues to accumulate, the bladder stretches;
anatomical composition of the urinary bladder.
What doe sit cause?
The stretching of the bladder causes smooth muscle contractions that empty the bladder
Trigone;
anatomical composition of the urinary bladder.
Made of what?
The triangular region made of the two uretal orifice and the internal urethral orifice
Ureteric orifice
- The hole into the bladder from the ureter
- Two of them
Urethral orifice
-The hole from the bladder into the urethra
Two urethral sphincters;
anatomical composition of the urinary bladder
Internal sphincter (involuntary)
External sphincter (voluntary)
Facts; f/m
anatomical composition of the urinary bladder.
The male urethra is approximately 8”
The female urethra is approximately 1.5”
Passive flow of urine into the bladder
Differentiate male and female urethras
FEMALE
Approximately 1.5” long
Only carries urine
Differentiate male and female urethras
MALE
Approximately 8” long
Carries urine and male reproductive fluids
Define micturition
The act of emptying the bladder
-Urination
