Fluid Balance Flashcards
Body’s fluid compartments
Intracellular (IFC)
Extracellular (EFC)
Intracellular (IFC);
Body’s fluid compartments
⅔ of the fluid in our bodies is in our cells
Water is what makes up the cytosol in the cytoplasm
Extracellular (EFC)
;Body’s fluid compartments
⅓ of the fluid in our body is in the EFC
This is fluid located outside of cells
Extracellular fluid compartments can be divided into two portions
- Plasma
- Fluid within blood vessels
- 20% of EFC - Interstitial fluid
- Fluid in between cells and blood vessels
- 80% of the EFC
Composition of body fluids
water
non-electrolytes
electrolytes
Water;
Composition of body fluids, osmotic power
Up to 60% of the body is made of water
Water is the universal solvent
-Things must be dissolved in solution to be biologically active
Nonelectrolytes;
Composition of body fluids, osmotic power
Organic compounds like lipids and carbohydrates
These molecules don’t dissociate when they get into water, but they do dissolved
The concentration of things dissolved in water creates a concentration gradient
- Makes water move
- Does not create as strong of an osmotic gradient/potential in comparison to electrolytes
Electrolytes;
Composition of body fluids, osmotic power?
Do dissociate in water
Inorganic salts, acids, bases, and some proteins
Since electrolytes dissociate, they contribute even more to the osmotic gradient than nonelectrolytes
Sodium (Na+) is mostly found extracellularly
Potassium (K+) is mostly found intracellularly
The composition of electrolytes in the fluid of our cells varies depending on where in the body one is observing
-Intracellular versus extracellular composition
CHEMISTRY;
composition of body fluids, and explain the osmotic power of each.
One molecule of glucose = one molecule in water
One molecule of salt (NaCl) dissociates into one Na+ and one Cl- ion.
-Creates a bigger osmotic pressure/gradient/potential
Factors that control fluid exchange
Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic gradients are the two factors that regulate fluid movement in our body
Fluid exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid
Fluid exchange between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid
Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic gradients are the two factors that regulate fluid movement in our body;
Factors that control fluid exchange
Hydrostatic pressure
-The pressure created from fluid pushing against something
Osmotic potential
-Concentration of ions creates a gradient that causes the movement of water
Can work together, or in opposition
Fluid exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid;
What is Fluid exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid regulated by?
Regulated by hydrostatic pressure
Fluid exchange between interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid;
regulated by what?
(List the factors that control fluid exchange.)
Regulated by osmotic gradient pressure
List the routes by which water enters and leaves the body
WATER BALNCE
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
ACID-BASED BALANCE
Water Balance; water intake
List the routes by which water enters and leaves the body
- Ingestion
- —Drinking water or getting water from other drinks
- —-Obtain water from the food we eat
- Metabolic water
- —-Oxidation generates water
- —–Anabolic reactions create water
- ———Dehydration synthesis reaction
Water Balance; water output
List the routes by which water enters and leaves the body
types?
Vaporization Perspiration Elimination Urination Vomiting -Not a normal way to lose water
Water intake = water output (typically)
Electrolyte Balance types;
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
Electrolyte intake
Electrolyte output
Electrolyte Balance:
ELECTROLYTE INTAKE
IN WHAT WAYS?
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
Ingestion
Metabolic production
Electrolyte Balance:
ELECTROLYTE OUTPUT
WHAT ARE THEY?
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
Perspiration
Elimination
Urination
Vomiting
Electrolyte Balance:
What are we talking about?
How are electrolytes not lost?
What happens when you breath out?
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
When talking about electrolyte balance, we are talking about salt balance (not only NaCl, which is table salt)
You do not lose electrolytes from vaporization
-When you breathe out, you do not lose electrolytes but you do lose water
Acid-Base Balance; Closely regulated to what? pH of blood? pH of intracellular? Source of what? ****routes by which water enters and leaves the body***
The acid-base balance of the blood is closely regulated to maintain biochemical reactions in the body
Blood pH is 7.35-7.45
Intracellular pH is a little closer to neutral (7)
Sources of H+ ions
Acid-Base Balance;
The acid-base balance of the blood is closely regulated to maintain biochemical reactions in the body
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
Every enzyme has an optimal pH range to work in
-When out of that range, the enzyme will denature and not function
Acid-Base Balance;
Blood pH is 7.35-7.45
WHY? DESPITE WHAT?
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
The body must maintain this blood pH range despite eating acidic foods
Acid-Base Balance;
Intracellular pH is a little closer to neutral (7)
WHY?
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
This is because the carbon dioxide produced in metabolic pathways creates a slightly more acidic environment
Acid-Base Balance;
Sources of H+ ions
routes by which water enters and leaves the body
Dietary
-Most of the foods that we take into the body are acidic yet we maintain a pH that is neutral or slightly on the basic side of neutral
Metabolic processes
-Breakdown of macromolecules can produce hydrogen ions
