URINE INTRO

Question 1

study of microscopes, their uses and their techniques of operation.

Answer 1

Microscopy

Question 2

commonly used microscope

Answer 2

Bright-Field Compound Microscope

Question 3

used to observe spirochetes in leptospiral or syphilitic infections

Answer 3

Dark-Field Microscope

Question 4

used in the identification of malarial parasite

Answer 4

Fluorescent Microscope

Question 5

used in the study of urinary sediments esp. in differentiating sodium urates and calcium phosphates

Answer 5

Polarizing Microscope

Question 6

used in the study of urinary sediments, counting platelets and vaginal smears

Answer 6

Phase-Contrast Microscope

Question 7

for wet preparations without need for special staining techniques

Answer 7

Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast Microscope

Question 8

for research and special laboratory procedures

Answer 8

Electron Microscope

Question 9

Gross or macroscopic, chemical and microscopic analyses of the different body fluids other than blood

Answer 9

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY

Question 10

Composition of Urinary System

Answer 10

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary baldder
Urethra

Question 11

Parts of Kidney

Answer 11

Hilus
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Medulla
Cortex
Renal pyramids
Renal columns
Nephron

Question 12

glomerulus, renal tubule, collecting tubules

Answer 12

Nephron

Question 13

specific gravity of glomerular filtrate

Answer 13

1.008-1.012

Question 14

pH of glomerular filtrate

Answer 14

7.4 pH

Question 15

Glomerular filtrate: cell-free, protein free, iso-osmotic with plasma, contains all the filterable mol.

Answer 15

Glomelular filtrate

Question 16

Tubular reabsorption parts

Answer 16

Proxial convulated tube
Distal convulated tube

Question 17

Steps in urine formation

Answer 17

Glomerular filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular secretion

Question 18

vol. of blood that enter the renal arteries/minute (1200ml/min)

Answer 18

Total Renal Blood Flow

Question 19

portion of TRBF which actually passes thru the glomeruli and peritubular capillaries

Answer 19

Effective Renal Blood Flow

Question 20

rate at which blood passes thru the glomeruli to the capsule by filtration (120-130ml/min)

Answer 20

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 21

amount of plasma flowing thru the functional renal tissues/minute (660ml/min)

Answer 21

Effective Renal Plasma Flow

Question 22

Urine composition

Answer 22

97% Water
3% Solutes
Inorganic Substances
Other substances
Formed elements

Question 23

ratio of the amount of plasma filtered (ERPF) to the total blood plasma flow(GFR)

Answer 23

Filtration Fraction

Question 24

Solutes in urine

Answer 24

Urea
Organic substances:creatinine & uric acid

Question 25

Inorganic substance of urine
Major
Minor

Answer 25

Na K Chloride
Mg Ca Fe

Question 26

Other substances in Urine

Answer 26

Hormones
Drugs
Vitamins
Enzymes

Question 27

Formed elements in urine

Answer 27

Cells
Casts
Crystals
Mucus
Bacteria

Question 28

Study of kidney

Answer 28

Nephrology

Question 29

Proximal convulated tubule filter how (Much/Many) during tubular reabsorption

Answer 29

Filter 65% sodium and water reabsorbed in the body

Question 30

Passive reabsorption

Answer 30

Distal convulated tubule

Question 31

product of the objective/occular lenses

Answer 31

total magnification

Question 32

how close/near to the object

Answer 32

resolution

Question 33

image continue to enlarge but no additional detail resolved

Answer 33

Empty magnification

Question 34

distance of the object (lens) center point to parallel lines

Answer 34

focal lenght

Question 35

distance between front edge objective lens and specimen surface

Answer 35

working distance

Question 36

object stays focused when changing objectives

Answer 36

parfocal