Urine Collection

Question 1

used because they eliminate the chance of contamination owing to improper washing.

Answer 1

Containers

Question 2

Specimen Rejection
Unacceptable situations include:

Answer 2

Specimens in unlabeled containers

Nonmatching labels and requisition forms

Specimens contaminated with feces or toilet paper

Containers with contaminated exteriors

Specimens of insufficient quantity

Specimens that have been improperly transported

Laboratories should have a written policy detailing their conditions for specimen rejection.

Question 3

fact that a urine specimen is so readily available and easily collected often leads to laxity in the treatment of the specimen after its collection

Answer 3

Specimen handling

Question 4

Following collection, specimens should be delivered to the lab- oratory promptly and tested within

Answer 4

2 hours

Question 5

A specimen that cannot be delivered and tested within 2 hours should be

Answer 5

refrigerated or have an appropriate chemical preservative added.

Question 6

Modified/darkned

Cause: Oxidation or reduction of metabolites

Answer 6

Color

Question 7

Decreased

Cause: Bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material

Answer 7

Clarity

Question 8

Increase

Cause: Bacterial multiplication causing breakdown of urea to ammonia

Answer 8

Odor

Question 9

Increase

Cause: Breakdown of Urea to ammonia by urease-producing bacteria/loss of CO2

Answer 9

pH

Question 10

Decreased

Cause: Glycolysis and bacterial use

Answer 10

Glucose

Question 11

Decreased

Cause: Volatilization and bacterial metabolism

Answer 11

Ketones

Question 12

Decreased

Cause: Exposure to light/photo oxidation to biliverdin

Answer 12

Bilirubin

Question 13

Decreased

Cause: Oxidation to Urobilin

Answer 13

Urobilinogen

Question 14

Increased

Cause: multiplication of nitrate-reducing bacteria

Answer 14

Nitrite

Question 15

Decreased

Cause: Disnintegration in dilute alkaline urine

Answer 15

Red and white blood cells and casts

Question 16

Increased

Cause: Multiplication

Answer 16

Bacteria

Question 17

Decreased

Cause: Loss of motility, death

Answer 17

Trichomonas

Question 18

Advantages and Disadvantages of Refrigeration

Answer 18

Does not interfere with chemical tests

Precipitates amorphous phosphates and urates

Question 19

Advantages and Disadvantages
Boric Acid

Answer 19

Prevents bacterial growth and metabolism

Interferes with drug and hormone analyses

Question 20

Advantages and Disadvantages
Formalin (formaldehyde)

Answer 20

Excellent sediment preservative

Acts as a reducing agent, interfering with chemical tests for glucose, blood, leukocyte ecterase, and copper reduction

Question 21

Advantages and Disadvantages
Sodium Fluoride

Answer 21

Is a good preservative for drug analyses

Inhibits reagent strip tests for glucose, blood, and leukocyte

Question 22

Advantages and Disadvantages
Commercial preservative tablets

Answer 22

Convenient when refrigeration not possible
Have controlled concentration to minimize interference

Check tablet composition to determine possible effects on desired tests

Question 23

Advantages and Disadvantages
Urine collection kits (Becton, Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ)

Answer 23

Contains collection cup, transfer straw, culture and sensitivity preservative tube, or UA tube)

Disadvantages: None

Question 24

Advantages and Disadvantages
Light gray and gray (C and S) tube

Answer 24

Sample stable at room temperature for 48 hours;prevent bacterial growth and metabolism

Do not use if urine is below minimum fill line

Question 25

Advantages and Disadvantages Yellow UA Plus tube

Answer 25

Use on automated instruments Must refrigerate within 2 hours

Question 26

Advantages and Disadvantages Cherry red/yellow Preservative Plus tube

Answer 26

Stable for 72 hours at RT; instrument compatible Must be filled to minimum fill line Bilirubin and urobilinogen may be decreased if specimen is exposed to light and left at RT

Question 27

Prevents bacterial growth for 24 hours

Answer 27

refrigeration

Question 28

keeps pH at about 6.0. Can be used for urine culture transport

Answer 28

Boric Acid

Question 29

Rinse with this preservative to preserve cells and casts

Answer 29

formalin (formaldehyde)

Question 30

Preservatice is boric acid, sodium borate and sodium formate Keeps pH at about 6.0

Answer 30

Light gray and gray (C and S) tube

Question 31

Round or conical bottom. no preservative

Answer 31

Yellow UA Plus Tube

Question 32

Preservative is sodium pro-pionate, ethyle paraben, and chlorhexidine;round or conical bottoms

Answer 32

Cherry red/yellow Preservative Plus Tube

Question 33

Stamey-Mears Test for Prostatitis

Answer 33

First 10 mL voided (Urethral) Midstream urine (Bladder) Expressed prostatic secretions (prostate massage) First 10 mL voided after massage

Question 34

In prostatic infection, the third specimen will have a? ______/_____ and a _______ 10 times ______

Answer 34

white blood cell/ high-power field count and a bacterial count 10 times that of the first specimen.

Question 35

in prostatic infection the second specimen is used as ___for bladder and kidney infection

Answer 35

control

Question 36

In prostatic infection ____ containg ___ may also be present

Answer 36

Macrophages Lipids