Urine Formation and Kidneys

Question 1

What is the collecting system

Answer 1

series of tubes carrying tubular fluid away from the nephron

Question 2

What does the collecting duct do

Answer 2

collects fluid from nephrons
carries fluid through the renal medulla

Question 3

What does the papillary duct do?

Answer 3

collects fluid from multiple collecting ducts
delivers fluid to minor calyx

Question 4

What transports water and solutes within th renal medulla?

Answer 4

Vasa Recta

Question 5

Three Processes of urine formation

Answer 5

Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion

Question 6

How does filtration work

Answer 6

blood pressure forces water and solutes across the membranes of glomerular capilaries

Question 7

How does reabsorption work?

Answer 7

transports water and solutes from the tubular fluid across tubular epithelium into peritubular fluid

Question 8

How does secretion work?

Answer 8

transports solutes from peritubular fluid across tubular epithelium into the tubular fluid

Question 9

What is the juxtaglomerular complex?

Answer 9

junction of afferent arteriole and DCT
secretes renin

Question 10

What do mesangial cells control?

Answer 10

supporting cells that control capillary diameter and rate of blood flow

Question 11

What is important to know about the glomerular capsule?

Answer 11

it forms the outer wall of the renal corpuscle

Question 12

What is glomerular hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 12

fluid going out of the glomerulus
Average GHP is 50 mm hg

Question 13

What is the Capsular Colloid Osmotic Pressure?

Answer 13

also fluids going out of the glomerulus
Average CCOP is 0 mm Hg

Question 14

What is the blood colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 14

fluid going into the glomerulus
(opposes filtration)

Question 15

What is the glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 15

amount of flitrate produced by the kidneys each minute

Question 16

What is the local level that helps stabilize the GFR

Answer 16

Autoregulation at a local level dilates entrance and constricts the exit

Question 17

What is the more broad level that helps the GFR?

Answer 17

central regulation- endocrine and nervous system

Question 18

Where does reabsorption occur?

Answer 18

PCT

Question 19

What does reabsorption include in the PCT?

Answer 19

organic nutrients, minerals, water

Question 20

What is countercurrent mutliplication?

Answer 20

Exchange between the thin descending limb and the thick ascending limb

Question 21

What does the countercurrent multiplication enbale?

Answer 21

production of highly concentrated urine

Question 22

What does countercurrent mean?

Answer 22

fluids moving in opposite directions

Question 23

What does multiplication mean in this context?

Answer 23

effects increase with fluid movement

Question 24

Where is the nephron loop located?

Answer 24

thick ascending limb

Question 25

What does the thick ascending limb do?

Answer 25

transports Na+ and Cl- out of tubular fluid

Question 26

What is the thin descending limb permeable and impermeable to?

Answer 26

permeable to water
impermeable to solutes

Question 27

What structures does Urine production include?

Answer 27

Renal Corpuslce
PCT
Nephron Loop
DCT
Collecting System

Question 28

What does the Renal Corpuscle do?

Answer 28

filtration of plasma

Question 29

What does the PCT do in urine production?

Answer 29

reabsorbs water and organic materials

Question 30

What does the nephron loop do in urine production?

Answer 30

creates concentration gradient in renal medulla

Question 31

What does the DCT do in urine production?

Answer 31

stimulates the release of ADH and aldosterone

Question 32

What is the collecting system responsible for stimulating?

Answer 32

ADH