Acids and buffer systems

Question 1

When is the body in acid base balance?

Answer 1

when H+ production= H+ loss and pH of body fluids are within normal limits

Question 2

Sulfuric and Phosphoric acid are examples of what?

Answer 2

Fixed acids

Question 3

Why are metabolic, volatile and fixed acid important?

Answer 3

they threaten the pH balance

Question 4

What is acidosis caused by?

Answer 4

caused by the plasma pH being less than 7.35

Question 5

Why is severe acidosis deadly?

Answer 5

CNS deteriorates, causing a coma
cardiac contractions become weaker

Question 6

What is the most important factor affecting pH of body tissues?

Answer 6

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Question 7

Carbon dioxide + Water =?

Answer 7

carbonic acid

Question 8

What does the buffer system consist of?

Answer 8

weak acid
anion released by its dissaciation

Question 9

What are the three major buffer systems?

Answer 9

Phosphate buffer system
Protein buffer system
Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

Question 10

What is the only intracellular buffer system that can have an immediate effect on the pH of body fluids?

Answer 10

hemoglobin buffer system

Question 11

What happens in the hemoglobin buffer system?

Answer 11

In tissues RBCs absorb CO2 from plasma and convert it to carbonic acid

Question 12

What do protein buffer systems contribute to and how do they do it?

Answer 12

regulation of pH in ECF and ICF
by binding to excess hydrogen ions

Question 13

What do carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer systems involve and what do they protect against?

Answer 13

involve freely reversible reactions
protects agaisnt the effects of acids

Question 14

What is the bicarbonate reserve?

Answer 14

body fluid in the form of sodium bicarbonate

Question 15

What are metabolic acid-base disorders caused by?

Answer 15

production or loss of excessive amounts of fixed or organic acids

Question 16

Respiratory acid-base disorders are caused by…?

Answer 16

result from an imbalance of CO2 generation and elimination

Question 17

How is metabolic acidosis developed?

Answer 17

when large numbers or H+ are released by organic or fixed acids and pH decreases

Question 18

What are the responses to restore homeostasis in metabolic acidosis?

Answer 18

respiratory response
renal response

Question 19

What happens in the respiratory response?

Answer 19

increase respiratory rate
converting more carbonic acid to water

Question 20

What happens in the renal response?

Answer 20

secrete more H+ ions into urine
removing co2

Question 21

How does metabolic alkalosis develop?

Answer 21

many H+ removed
pH is then raised

Question 22

What are the kidneys responses to metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 22

rate of H+ declines

Question 23

What are the responses by the kidney to restore homeostasis?

Answer 23

decreased respiratory rate
convert more co2 into carbonic acid

Question 24

What do respiratory acid-base disorders result from?

Answer 24

imbalance between the rate of co2 generation in body tissues and the rate of co2 elimination at the lungs

Question 25

What does repsiratory acidosis mean?

Answer 25

rate of co2 generation exceeds the rate of c02 removal

Question 26

What are the responses to restore homeostasis in respiratory acidosis?

Answer 26

increase respiratory rate
increase H+ secretion by kidneys

Question 27

What does respiratory alkalosis mean?

Answer 27

rate of co2 elimination exceeds the rate of co2 generation

Question 28

What does respiratory alkalosis do to the carbonic acid-bicarnonate buffer system?

Answer 28

shifts it to the left

Question 29

What is the response to restore homeostasis in respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 29

decreased respiratory rate
decreased H+ secretion
increased excretion of bicarbonate ions