Renal, Urinary Tract Flashcards
Explain Renal Failure
when kidneys cant perform excretory funtions
What does renal failure cause?
reduced urine function
disturbed fluid balance
hypertension
anemia
What is a common problem with renal failure?
acidosis
What happens with chronic renal failure?
kidney function deteriorates gradually
not reversable
What happens with acute renal failure?
kdiney function deteriorates quickly within a few days
What is acute renal failure caused by?
exposure to drugs
trauma
allergy to antibiotics
How do you treat renal failure?
dialysis for symptoms but not for cure
kidney transplant is only real cure
What does the urinary tract do?
transport, store, eliminate urine
What does the urinary tract include?
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
How do you see the urinary tract?
using a plyogram
What are the ureters?
muscular tubes that go from the kidney to the bladder
How much urine can the bladder hold?
up to 1 liter
What are rugae?
folds in the bladder
What do the ureteral openings do?
prevent backflow of urine into ureters
What does the trigone do?
acts as a funnel, channeling urine into the urethra
What does the external urethral sphincter do?
the voluntary muscle that you use to pee.
must be relaxed in order to work
What are the three layers of the ureters
inner mucosa, middle muscular layer, outer connective tissue
What is the urethra lined with?
stratified epithelium
What does the micturation reflex do?
coordinates the process of urination
What pathways does the micturation reflex involve?
Local reflex pathway
Central pathway through cerebral cortex
What does the local pathway start with?
stretch receptors of the urinary bladder distort as it fills
What are the primary signs of urinary disorders?
Polyuria
Oliguria
Anuria
What does polyuria mean?
excessive urine production
results from hormonal or metabolic problems
What does oliguria mean?
reduced urine production (50-500 ml/day)
