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Anatomy Final > Acid Base Intro > Flashcards

Acid Base Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is ECF?

A

interstitial fluid of peripheral tissues and plasma of circulating blood

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2
Q

What is ICF?

A

cytosol inside cells

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3
Q

How is water gained in the body?

A

absorption along the digestive tract

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4
Q

What does fluid shift mean?

A

A rapid water movement between ECF and ICF in response to an osmotic gradient

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5
Q

How does dehydration occur?

A

when water losses outpace water gains

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6
Q

What happens with continued fluid loss?

A

drop in blood pressure and blood volume

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7
Q

What is an Electrolyte?

A

ion released when mineral salts dissasociate

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8
Q

Where does absorption occur?

A

occurs across the epithelial lining of the small intestine and the colon

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9
Q

Where does excretion occur?

A

occurs primarily in the kidneys

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10
Q

What happens when salt gains exceed losses?

A

ECF volume increases

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11
Q

What happens when salt losses exceed gains?

A

ECF volumes decreases

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12
Q

When ECF volume is increased, what else happens?

A

blood volume and pressure are raised

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13
Q

What are the two sodium imbalance related conditions?

A

hyponatremia
hypernatremia

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14
Q

What is Hyponatremia and what is it caused by?

A

it is a low ECF salt concentration
caused by overhydration or inadequate salt intake

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15
Q

What is Hypernatremia and how is it caused?

A

high ECF salt conecntration
caused by dehydration

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16
Q

What are the key factors to maintaining potassium balance?

A

rate of K+ entry across digestive epithelium
rate of K+ loss into urine

17
Q

Where is the potassium ion concentration highest and why?

A

ICF because of sodium/potassium pump

18
Q

What are the main factor in determining K+ concentration in the ECF?

A

kidneys

19
Q

What controls the loss of potassium?

A

aldosterones regulation of ion pump activities in the DCT and collecting duct

20
Q

What is hypokalemia and what is it caused by?

A

low potassium levels
caused by diuretics, excessive aldosterone production

21
Q

What are the symptoms of hypokalemia?

A

muscular weakness, then paralysis

22
Q

What is Hyperkalemia and what is it caused by?

A

high potassium
caused by chronically low pH
kidney failure
drugs

23
Q

What are the symptoms of Hyperkalemia?

A

muscular spasm, heart arrhythmias

24
Q
A

Anatomy Final (6 decks)

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