Urine Findings Flashcards
Complete anuria early in the course of AKI is uncommon except in the
following situations:
OOSI-PGN- V
complete urinary tract obstruction, renal artery
occlusion, overwhelming septic shock, severe ischemia (often with cortical necrosis), or severe proliferative glomerulonephritis or vasculitis.
How is oliguria defined?
<400 mL/24 h)
-oliguria usually denotes more severe AKI and worse outcomes
Preserved urine output can be seen in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus characteristic of long-standing urinary tract obstruction, tubulointerstitial disease, or nephrotoxicity from cisplatin or aminoglycosides, among other causes.
Red or brown urine
Pigment nephropathy from rhabdomyolysis or hemolysis
What’s mild proteinuria in AKI in the absence of preexisting proteinuria from ex. CKD
<1g/d
Extremely heavy proteinuria is defined as:
“nephrotic range,” >3.5 g/d
-it can occasionally be seen in glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, or toxins/medications that can affect the glomerulus as well as the tubulointerstitium (e.g., NSAIDs)
Hyaline casts
Prerenal azotemia
Hematuria and pyuria
Postrenal AKI
characteristic urine sediment
findings of pigmented “muddy brown” granular casts and tubular
epithelial cell casts (but may be absent in 20% of cases)
AKI from ATN due to ischemic
injury, sepsis, or certain nephrotoxins
dysmorphic red
blood cells or red blood cell casts
Glomerulonephritis
white blood cell casts
Interstitial nephritis
Urine sediment alone can distinguish between GN and interstitial nephritis. T or F?
F. The urine sediment findings overlap somewhat
in glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis, and a diagnosis is not always possible on the basis of the urine sediment alone.
What crystals can you find in ethylene glycol toxicity?
oxalate crystals
