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UA > Urine > Flashcards

Urine Flashcards

1
Q

pigment that gives urine its characteristic yellow color

A

urochrome (urobilin)

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2
Q

3 pathologic conditions that may cause WHITE urine

A

chyle (milky body composed of lymph, emulsified fats or free FA)
lipids
pyuria (many WBCs)

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3
Q

2 non pathologic conditions for WHITE urine

A

phosphates

vaginal creams

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4
Q

2 pathologic conditions that may cause yellow to amber/orange urine color

A

urobilin (excessive)

bilirubin

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5
Q

4 non-pathologic conditions that cause yellow to amber/orange urine color

A

carrots
concentrated foods
food color
B vit complex

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6
Q

2 pathologic causes for yellow to green urine

A

biliverdin

bilirubin

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7
Q

4 pathologic causes for red/pink urine

A

RBCs
hemoglobin
myoglobin
porphyrin

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8
Q

2 non-pathologic causes for red/pink urine

A

beets

food color

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9
Q

1 pathologic condition for red/purple urine color

A

porphyrin

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10
Q

2 pathologic conditions for red/brown urine

A

methemoglobin

myoglobin

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11
Q

5 pathologic conditions for brown to black urine

A 
bilirubin
methemoglobin
myoglobin
melanin
homogentistic acid (alkapton)
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12
Q

1 non-pathologic condition for brown to black urine

A

iron compounds

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13
Q

2 pathologic conditions for blue to green urine

A

biliverdin

pseudomonas infxn

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14
Q

3 non-pathologic conditions for blue to green urine

A

vit B12
thymole
diuretic therapy

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15
Q

if clarity of urine has a white color, may indicate

A

amorphous phosphate precipitate

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16
Q

if clarity of urine has a pink color (uroerythrin), may indicate

A

amorphous urate precipitate

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17
Q

cloudy urine may be due to:

A

leukocytes
bacteria
epithelial cells

18
Q

hazy urine may be due to:

A

mucus

19
Q

smoky/turbin urine may be due to:

A

RBCs

20
Q

milky urine may be due to:

A

fat

chyle

21
Q

(2) pathological conditions for clear urine

A

very dilute

polyuria (DM or DI)

22
Q

non-pathologic condition for clear urine

A

over-hydrated

23
Q

(6) pathological conditions for hazy to cloudy to turbid urine

A 
varying degrees of casts
cells
crystals and calculi
fat
microorganisms
fecal contamination (?)
24
Q

(6) non-pathological conditions for hazy to cloudy to turbid urine

A 
creams, lotions
crystals
mucus
radiographic dyes
powders
fecal contamination (?)
25
Q

pathologic causes for foamy urine

A

significant amounts of protein (kidney disease)
UTI
fistula from colon to bladder

26
Q

non-pathologic causes for foamy urine

A

rapid urination

toilet cleaner

27
Q

sweet or fruity urine

A

ketones

28
Q

pungent urine

A

bacteria (ammonia)

29
Q

maple syrup urine

A

AA

30
Q

musty or mousy urine of an infant

A

phenylketonuria

31
Q

rancid buttery/fishy urine

A

hypermethioninemia

32
Q

stronger ammonia urine

A

dehydration

33
Q

ratio of WEIGHT of a volume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature

A

urine specific gravity

34
Q

urine specific gravity is used to measure:

A

concentrating and diluting ability of kidney

35
Q

_____ ability is one of the first functions to be lost as a result of TUBULAR damage

A

concentrating

36
Q

normal specific gravity range

A

1.003-1.035

37
Q

___ is used for a true measure of specific gravity; no longer recommended- requires temperature correction

A

urinometer

38
Q

ratio of velocity of light in air to velocity of light in solution, using Total Solids (TS) meter

A

refractive index

39
Q

refractive index varies with _____, but the TS meter is temperature-compensated for temperatures btwn _____ degrees F (so requires no corrections in the range)

A

temperature

60-100 F

40
Q

specific gravity reagent strips measure change in _____, specifically change in ______ in relation to ionic concentration; more ions = more ____

A

pH
polyelectrolytes
acidic

41
Q

measures total solute concentration, but depends on # of PARTICLES in solution

A

urine osmolality

42
Q

____ is better indicator of concentrating and diluting abilities of kidney, because it is unaffected by density of solutes

A

osmolality

UA (9 decks)

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