Urinary Sediments: Cells Flashcards
of RBCs shown on high power field that indicate hematuria
3-5
of WBCs shown on high power field that indicate pyuria
30
white cell clumps =
UTI
WBC + RBC and bacteria =
UTI
increased WBC could be found in (2) physiological states
dehydration
strenuous exercise
renal epithelial cells originate from
tubular portion of nephrons and collecting ducts
caudate cells originate from
renal pelvis
urothelial cells originate from
upper 1/3 bladder and ureters
squamous cells originate from
lower urethra
bladder
vagina
increased # of renal cells could indicate
pyelonephritis acute tubular necrosis acute trauma of kidney kidney transplant rejection neoplasms
oval fat bodies are ________ cells that have absorbed ______ with cholesterol and triglycerides leaked from nephrotic glomeruli or _______ leukocytes that have ingested lipids or degenerated
renal tubular epithelial cells
lipoproteins
macrophage or polymorphonuclear leukocytes
characteristics of renal tubular epithelial cells
normally few visible
larger than leukocytes
contain large round nucleus
may be flat, cuboidal or columnar
presence of oval fat bodies and proteinuria =
nephrotic syndrome
polarized anisotropic fat droplets are known as _______ and contain ____
maltese crosses
cholesterol
fat bodies that contain triglycerides will not _____ but with stain with Sudan III
polarize
fat is detected by ____ examination
microscopic (NOT CHEMICAL)
lipiduria develops due to:
- degeneration of tubules in nephrotic syndrome (chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, eclampsia, lipid nephrosis, toxic renal poisoning)
- extensive superficial injuries with crushing of subcutaneous fat
- fracture of major long bones or pelvis (fat released from bone marrow)
transitional cells are ____ x LARGER than WBCs
2-4x
normal # of transitional epithelial cells in healthy person urine
0- few
increased amount of transitional epithelial cells could be due to:
UTI
catheterisation of ureter
transitional cell carcinoma
characteristics of squamous epithelial cells
large, flat, irregularly shaped
flat scale-like shape
small central nucleus
normal # of squamous epithelial cells in healthy person urine
30
large # of squamous epithelial cells could signify:
vaginitis
urethritis/cystitis
testicular tumor (cystoscopy)
the urine is usually free of _____ while in kidney or bladder, but contamination may occur from it present in ______, ____ or _____
bacteria
urethra
vagina
external environ.
if freshly voided urine contain large amount of bacteria and WBCs, usually is _____ ; ____ may also be present, but not always
UTI
nitrite
____ may be found in UTIs, especially with patients who have diabetes
yeast
most frequently occurring parasite in urine is called _____; _____ organism that is about same size as WBC – only report if MOTILE
trichomonas vaginalis
flagellate
trichomonas vaginalis is MC in ____ and usually accompanied by ______ and ____ cells
females
WBCs
epithelial cells
parasite that may be in female adult urine
enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
ova are very characteristic in shape, having one flat and one round side
enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
blood fluke that inhabits veins in the walls of urinary bladder; the adult deposits eggs in the capillaries of mucosa
schistosoma haematobium
