Urinary Tract Obstructions And Strictures Flashcards
What are common urinary obstructive diseases
Inflammatory, vascular, or malignant diseases
Pelvic tumors, renal calculi, strictures
What are complications of urinary obstructive diseases
Hydroureters
Hydronephrosis
What are the symptomatic differences between acute and chronic urinary retention
Acute: inability to urinate, distended bladder, pain
Chronic: distended bladder w/o pain, weak stream, frequent urination, inability to empty
What is the most common cause of urinary obstruction?
BPH
What are Neurologic causes of urinary obstruction
MS, diabetes, herpes, spinal cord injury
What are mechanical causes of urinary obstruction
Stones, stricture, tumor, stenosis, trauma, foreign body
What causes functional impairment in urinary obstruction?
Pontine or sacral center malfunction
What are symptoms of functional impairment in urinary obstruction
Frequency, urgency, post micturition incontinence, nocturia, difficulty, low stream, incomplete bladder emptying
What are 3 Neurologic bladder conditions that cause urinary obstruction
Cauda equina, neurogenic bladder, and vesocouretical refulx
What medications can cause urinary obstruction secondary to functional impairment?
Anticholinergic agents, opioids, benzos, NSAIDS, CCB etc.
What are clinical findings of distended bladder?
Tense, tender, full bladder upon physical exam
What are clinical findings in a UA that suggest urinary obstruction
Hematuria or infection
What suggests urinary obstruction on a prostate exam?
Hard or nodular prostate: potential cancer
Tender prostate: prostatitis
What clinical findings on neuro exam may indicate urinary obstruction?
Decreased bladder contractility, motor/sensory disturbances, bladder contraction/urethral relaxation dissociation
What are some causes of hematuria
Aortic dissection
Vascular disease
Intrinsic kidney disease
Infection
Anticoagulation
