Urinary Tract Obstruction

Question 1

What are the signs and symptoms of upper urinary tract obstruction?

Answer 1

Symptoms- pain, frank haematuria, symptoms of complications

Signs- palpable mass, microscopic haematuria, signs of complications

Question 2

What are the complications of upper urinary tract obstruction?

Answer 2

Infection and sepsis

Renal failure

Question 3

How is upper urinary tract obstruction managed?

Answer 3

Resuscitation- ABCs, IV access, IV fluids, analgesia, HDU Care
Investigations
Emergency treatment of obstruction (percutaneous nephrostomy insertion or retrograde stent insertion)
Treat underlying cause of obstruction

Question 4

How is lower urinary tract obstruction managed?

Answer 4

Resuscitation- ABCs, IV access, IV fluids, analgesia, HDU Care
Investigations
Emergency treatment of obstruction- urethral or suprapubic catheterisation
Treat underlying cause of obstruction

Question 5

What are the characteristics of high pressure chronic retention?

Answer 5

Painless
Incontinent
Raised creatinine
Bilateral hydro-nephrosis

Question 6

What are the characteristics of Low pressure chronic retention?

Answer 6

Painless
Dry
Normal creatinine
Normal kidneys