Introduction and Gross Anatomy and Histology of the Urinary System Flashcards
What are the main functions of the urinary system?
Remove metabolic waste from blood by filtration and excretion
Regulates plasma electrolytes and blood pressure
Help to stabilise pH
Reabsorption of small molecule
Production of erythropoietin
What vertebral level do the kidneys lie at?
T12-L3
Identify the structures labelled A-E
A- Kidney
B- Renal capsule
C- Perirenal fat
D- Renal fascia
E- Pararenal fat
Identify the structures labelled A-G
A- Cortex
B- Pyramid
C- Papilla
D- Minor calyx
E- Major calyx
F- Pelvis
G- Ureter
Where are the three constrictions of the ureter?
- Ureter passes over inferior renal pole
- Ureter crosses over external iliac vessels
- Ureter traverses the bladder wall
What artery are the renal arteries branches of, and how many branches do the renal artery give?
Branch of abdominal aorta
Give five branches
What vein do the renal veins drain into?
The inferior vena cava
What lymph nodes drain the kidneys?
The lateral aortic lymph nodes
What is the nerve supply of the kidneys?
Renal plexus- sympathetic T10-L1, sensory afferent T11-L2
What is the arterial supply and venous and lymphatic drainage of the bladder?
Arterial supply- Branches of the internal iliac artery
Venous drainage- Drains into internal iliac veins
Lymphatics- External iliac lymph nodes drain suprapubic part, internal iliac lymph nodes drain infrapubic part
What is the nerve supply of the bladder?
Sympathetic- T11-L2
Parasympathetic: S2-S4
Afferent/sensory- pain/distension of bladder via parasympathetic fibres
Somatic- pudendal nerve
What are the component parts of the nephrons, renal corpuscles and the uriniferous tube?
Nephrons- Renal corpuscles + renal tubules
Renal corpuscles- Glomerulus + Bowmen’s capsule
Uriniferous tube- Nephron + collecting duct
