Urinary Tract Obstruction Flashcards
What does voiding mean?
emptying
What drains urine from the kidney to the bladder?
ureter
What excretes urine?
urethra
What is the distal urethra lined by?
protective stratified squamous mucosa
From the ureter to upper urethra the “tubes” are lined with what?
with transitional epithelium
Is the urinary tract in the retroperitoneum?
Yes
What region are the kidneys in?
flank
Which ribs protect the kidneys?
11 and 12
Which kidney lies at a slightly inferior level and why?
right (due to liver)
How many segmental branches arise from each renal artery?
5
In kidneys, what give the pyramids their striped appearance?
regularly arranged nephrons (running axially towards the apex of each pyramid)
What is responsible for ultrafiltration of the blood arriving via branches of the renal artery?
glomerulus
What does the collecting duct pass through?
through the pyramid to drain the modified filtrate into the minor calyx as urine
What happens to diameter of urine collecting tubes heading away from the kidney?
increase until pelviureteric junction
What are renal calculi?
kidney stones
What are renal calculi formed from?
urine calcium salts
What are the anatomical sites of ureteric constriction?
pelviureteric junction
ureter crossing anterior aspect of common iliac artery
ureteric orifice (opening into posterior surface of the bladder)
What kind of pain does a patient get with renal calculi?
colicky
What kind of muscle does the ureter have in its walls?
smooth
What is micturition?
passing of urine
Where is the trigone?
on bladder floor
Are bladder sphincters voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
What does the internal urethral sphincter do?
internal urethral sphincter prevents ejaculatory reflux and is only present in males
Does the trigone rise as the bladder fills?
No
