Blood and Lymph

Question 1

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What are the great vessels?

Answer 2

Those connected to heart chambers

Question 3

How does the aorta end?

Answer 3

bifurcates into right and left common iliac artery

Question 4

How many branches does the coeliac trunk split into?

Answer 4

3

Question 5

What do the terms trunk and common suggest?

Answer 5

artery will divide again

Question 6

Are arteries usually deep or superficial to veins?

Answer 6

deep

Question 7

Which segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns?

Answer 7

T1 to L2

Question 8

What do sympathetic fibres supply in the body wall?

Answer 8

skin weat glands, skin arrector muscles, all arterioles

Question 9

How many parts are there to the aorta?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What are the 2 branches of the ascending aorta?

Answer 10

right and left coronary

Question 11

What are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?

Answer 11

• brachiocephalic trunk
• left common carotid
• left subclavian artery

Question 12

What does the branchiocephalic trunk split into?

Answer 12

right common carotid and right subclavian artery

Question 13

Which arteries are responsible for supplying the brain?

Answer 13

vertebral artery, internal and external carotid artery

Question 14

What does the right vertebral artery pass through?

Answer 14

transverse foraminae and foramen magnum

Question 15

What is the basilar artery formed from?

Answer 15

the two vertebral arteries joining up

Question 16

What is the most proximal part of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 16

carotid sinus

Question 17

What level is the carotid sinus at?

Answer 17

superior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 18

What innervates the carotid sinus?

Answer 18

CNIX

Question 19

What type of junctions are there between brain capillary endothelial cells in the blood brain barrier?

Answer 19

tight junctions

Question 20

What surround brain capillaries in the blood brain barrier?

Answer 20

astrocytes (support cells)

Question 21

What weakens the blood brain barrier?

Answer 21

brain injury, inflammation, neoplasia

Question 22

When do arteries connect with eachother without an intervening capillary network?

Answer 22

in anastomoses

Question 23

What is the circle of Willis an example of?

Answer 23

an anastomosis

Question 24

What do anastomoses provide?

Answer 24

an alternative route for blood to flow if there is an occlusion

Question 25

What are the alternative routes provided by anastomoses called?

Answer 25

collaterals

Question 26

Is haemorrhage better or worse in collaterals?

Answer 26

gets worse

Question 27

What are examples of anastomoses?

Answer 27

scalp, collateral vessels around joints

Question 28

What does untrated occlusion of an end artery result in?

Answer 28

infarction

Question 29

What are the branches from the thoracic aorta?

Answer 29

bronchial, oesophageal, mediastinal, pericardial, phrenic

Question 30

What is the aortic hiatus?

Answer 30

opening in diaphragm

Question 31

Where is the radial pulse felt?

Answer 31

radial side of volar aspect of wrist

Question 32

Where is the posterior tibial pulse felt?

Answer 32

posterior to medial malleolus of tibia

Question 33

Do veins branch?

Answer 33

No, have merging tributaries

Question 34

What are veins like when not full?

Answer 34

thin walled, collapsed

Question 35

are veins pumped by the heart?

Answer 35

No (Except JVP)

Question 36

Where do systemic veins drain venous blood to?

Answer 36

SVC or IVC

Question 37

What do lymph nodes contain to filter out foreign particles?

Answer 37

white blood cells

Question 38

Where does lymph eventually end up?

Answer 38

central ceins in root of neck

Question 39

What duct drains lymph into left venous angle?

Answer 39

thoracic

Question 40

What duct drains lymph into right venous angle?

Answer 40

right lymphatic

Question 41

Which duct is the only lymph vessel big enough to be found on dissection?

Answer 41

thoracic