Urinary Tract Malignancy Flashcards
65yo male pt comes in with haematuria. He complains that it’s painful to pee. What would you immediately suspect?
Bladder cancer
57yo male complains of blood in the urine and pain in his lower back. What should you suspect?
Haematuria + loin pain
Renal cell carcinoma + stones
A 27 yo male presents after finding a lump in his testicle. He also complains of pain in his lower back. What should you suspect?
Testicular tumour
In which groups are bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma more common?
Males > 40
In which groups are testicular cancers more common?
Young men < 35
What are the risk factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC)? (2)
Male
Haemodialysis
What are the features of RCC?
50% found incidentally
What would you see on histology for RCC?
Proximal renal tubular epithelium carcinoma
How would you diagnose RCC? (4)
Raised BP (due to increased renin)
Raised EPO
CT, MRI
CXR: cannonball mets
How would you treat RCC? (2)
Mayo prognostic risk score
Radical nephrectomy
Where would you commonly see metastases of RCC? (3)
Bone
Liver
Lungs
What are the risk factors for bladder cancer? (3)
Aromatic amine (dye)
Cigarette
Schistosomiasis
What are the features of bladder cancer? (2)
Painless haematuria
Recurrent UTIs
How would you diagnose bladder cancer? (3)
Urine cytology
Cystoscopy + biopsy
CT urogram
How would you treat T1 bladder cancer?
TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumour)
