CKD Flashcards
1
Q
What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
A
Abnormal kidney structure/ function > 3 months
2
Q
What is the eGFR diagnostic for CKD?
A
< 90mL/min/1.73m2
3
Q
What are the main causes of CKD? (6)
A
Hypertension Diabetes/ diabetic nephropathy Long-term NSAID use Family history Obesity Smoking
4
Q
What are the early presentations for a pt with CKD?
A
Asymptomatic
5
Q
What are the clinical presentations for CKD? (6)
A
- Fatigue
- Oedema
- N+V
- Pruritus
- Loss of appetite
- Oliguria
6
Q
How would you investigate CKD? (7)
A
GFR decreased FBC: decreased Hb U&E: increased urea + creatinine, decreased Ca2+ Increased PTH Urine dipstick: haematuria/ proteinuria Abdominal US: small/ normal kidneys Renal biopsy
7
Q
Describe the CKD staging
A
(mL/min/1.73m2) G1 = 120-90 G2 = 90-60 G3a = 60-45 G3b = 45-30 G4 = 30-15 G5 = 15-0
8
Q
How would you slow the progression of CKD? (4)
A
Maintain BP: ACEi/ ARB
If DM: control blood sugar
Lifestyle: exercise, weight, smoking
Stop nephrotoxins
9
Q
How would you treat renal and other complications of CKD? (2)
A
MANAGE CV RISK: statins (atorvastatin), antiplatelets (low-dose aspirin)
Vit D supplements (cholecalciferol)
10
Q
How would you manage end-stage kidney disease? (2)
A
Peritoneal/ Haemodialysis
Transplant
