Glomerulonephritis

Question 1

What is glomerulonephritis (GN)? (2)

Answer 1

Collection of diseases which are caused by pathology in the glomerulus
Present w proteinuria, haematuria or both

Question 2

How are glomerular diseases diagnosed?

Answer 2

Renal biopsy

Question 3

How will a patient w nephritic syndrome present? (3 +6)

Answer 3

Haematuria
Proteinuria
Hypertension

Oliguria, pruritus, lethargy, nausea, peripheral + periorbital oedema

Question 4

What is the commonest cause of nephritic syndrome? (3)

Answer 4

IgA nephropathy

Poat-strep GN, anti-GBM (Goodpasture’s disease)

Question 5

How would you treat nephritic syndrome? (3)

Answer 5

Treat underlying cause!
ACEi/ ARB (recude proteinuria + protect renal function)
Corticosteroids

Question 6

How would a patient w nephrotic syndrome present? (3)

Answer 6

Proteinuria (frothy urine)
Hypoalbuminemia
Oedema

Question 7

What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults? (3)

Answer 7

Membranous nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Minimal change disease

Question 8

What are the causes of nephrotic syndrome in children?

Answer 8

Minimal change disease

Question 9

What are the primary causes of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 9

Idiopathic

Question 10

What are the secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome? (5)

Answer 10

DDANI

Diabetes
Drugs eg NSAIDs
Autoimmune eg SLE
Neoplasia
Infection

Question 11

What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome? (3)

Answer 11

Thromboembolism
Infection
Hyperlipidemia

Question 12

How would you treat nephrotic syndrome? (4)

Answer 12

Reduce oedema: fluid + salt restriction, daily weight, diuretic
Treat underlying cause
Biopsy to investigate (adults)
Reduce proteinuria: ACEi/ ARB

Question 13

How would you manage the complications of nephrotic syndrome? (3)

Answer 13

Thromboembolism = LMWH, warfarin
Infection = vaccinations eg pneumococcal
Hyperlipidemia = statin