Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Urinary (JK) > Urinary tract infection > Flashcards

Urinary tract infection Flashcards

1
Q

Presentation of UTI

A

dysuria, frequency and smelly urine

BUT can be unwell/failure to thrive or incontinence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do ureters store urine?

A

no - constant trickle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do the ureter enter the bladder?

A

at an angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Significance of ureters entering bladder at an angle

A

as bladder fills up and pressure increases this closes off ureter and stops reflux of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 normal urinary tract bacteriostatic propertier

A

prostatic secretions
anti-bacterial antibodies
free flow of urine through normal anatomy
low pH, high osmolarity and high ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What part of urinary tract is sterile?

A

all of it apart from terminal urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 commensal bacteria flora of terminal urethra

A

gut flora eg ecoli

skin - perineal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a suprapubic aspirate is taken will this be sterile or not?

A

sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is a urine specimen ever sterile?

A

NO -always atleast slightly contaminated by terminal urethra flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which part of urine will be most highly contaminated?

A

first few mls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Significance of MSSU

A

initial void discarded with most bacteria

still always present but flush out majority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is MSSU interpreted?

A

microbiology - bacteria grow in log phase

dip slide method to count colonies and bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

time and temperature of MSSU incubation

A

24 hours 37 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What number means an infection in culture?

A

10 to the power of 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does 10 to the power of 3/4 mean in culture?

A

probable infection if symptoms and 50% chance if no symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What people are MSSU difficult to collect?

A

children and elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What microorganisms cause UTI?

A

bacteria eg ecoli

virus and fungi rare

18
Q

Is route of infection in UTI ascending or descending?

A

almost always ascending

19
Q

When is a UTI more serious?

A

kidney infection

20
Q 
List the words used for inflammation of 
a - bladder 
b - urethra 
c - ureters 
d - kidney
A

a - cystitis
b - urethritis
c - ureteritis
d - acute pyelonephritis

21
Q

When can acute pyelonephritis become chronic pyelonephritis?

A

prolonged or recurrent infection

22
Q

3 broad predisposing factors of UTI

A

urine stasis
pushing bacteria up from above
generalised predisposition to infection

23
Q

2 reasons for stasis of urine

A

obstruction = congenital or acquired

spinal cord or brain injury

24
Q

reasons for pushing bacteria up from above

A

female, sex, catheter

25
Q

Reason for generalised predisposition to infection

A

diabetes

26
Q

Main reason stasis or urine causes UTI

A

bacteria that do get higher up do not get flushed out

27
Q

consequences of obstruction at urethra

A

urethral and bladder dilation
bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis
chronic renal failure

28
Q

Consequences of unilateral renal pelvis obstruction

A

unilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis

29
Q

Consequences of obstruction of renal tract

A

proximal dilation
slowed urine flow –> infection
sediments form calculi –> more obstruction

30
Q

triad of obstruction of renal tract

A

calculi, more infection and more dilation

31
Q

Obstruction in children

A

vesicoureteric reflux

32
Q

Consequences of vesicoureteric reflux

A

hydroureter

33
Q

Common causes of renal tract obstruction in adults

A

women - uterine prolapse
men - BPH
tumours and calculi

34
Q

Why is a spinal cord/brain injury a cause of UTI?

A

cannot empty bladder fully - high residual volume

no sense when to micturate - stasis of urine

35
Q

Why is sexual activity a cause of UTI?

A

age
move bacteria up from terminal urethra
urethral back wall just infront of vagina

36
Q

Why are women ore predisposed to UTI than men?

A

short ureter
no prostatic secretions
urethral orifice close to rectum
sexual activity - void after intercourse
pregnancy - pressure on ureters and bladder

37
Q

Why is catheter risk of UTI?

A

move bacterial flora up

same with any urinary procedure

38
Q

Why is diabetes a risk factor for UTI?

A

glucose in urine and poor WBC function

39
Q

acute complications of UTI

A

sepsis and septic shock

40
Q

chronic complications of UTI

A

chronic damage to kidneys if repeated infection

hypertension, chronic renal failure, calculi and hydronephrosis

Year 2 Urinary (JK) (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions